On its way of expressing Singapore political culture, the young energetic and rising leader Brigadier General (Reserve) Lee Hsien Loong while discussing the threats to national survival due to the declining birth rates has said: "I don't think we should…passively watch ourselves going extinct." Positive attitude of the government policies have always encouraged national harmony and strengthen national unity (Nash, 2001)
It is well-known for its port and trading acidities and is considered as the hub for international trade, business and finance. This region attracts lots of investment from multi-ethnic city as the government and political system is considered to be consistent, well-organized, resourceful and lucrative for business environment (Popke, 2011)
The primitive Confucian culture of Singapore was reinstated to cope with the problems of modern times so that it can be adapted to the public attitude and behavior and conveniently be part of government policy formulation. The norms in Confucian teachings were redefined as: Loyalty-identification with country's interest Filial piety- respect for elderly Benevolence- humaneness Courtesy-politeness Virtue- social ethics Honesty- resistance from corruption Sense of shame- awareness of right and wrong (Tamir, 1993) Political Structure of Singapore as 'Global City': Since its independence on 9th August 1965 People's Action Party has dominated the political structure of Singapore
" On pages 167-168 the author discusses the "unity of race" in terms of "the origin or cause of the historical unity of a people." The creation of a generalized race of people can lead though to the dissolving of "social inequalities" (Balibar, 167)
S. In 2001? According to an article in the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (Harb, et al
1067). In Australia, another Western nation where Muslims believe they are getting a raw deal from the media, there is a tone in "certain media reports" implying that "all Muslims are the same" (Kabir, 2006)
S. population receives news from television (Ostrow, 2008), and an ever-shrinking percentage of people read daily newspapers, the one media source offering in-depth background information on contemporary newsworthy topics
, Australia, or Britain. An article in the Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology (Voorhees, et al
The sources of these commodities are generally the United States, Belgium, China, Switzerland and Germany (Central Intelligence Agency). In terms of actual trade policies and business characteristics, the following are of vital importance: The cultural differences between Israel and the highly developed western civilizations are extensive; this means that 90% of all problems pegged to doing business in Israel are related to "differences in cultural perceptions -- not rates, services or products" (Israel Public Relations) Investors are attracted through a continuous and gradual reductions in the tariffs and quotas imposed on imports and through the growing numbers of trade liberalization reforms which are being developed and implemented The large majority of the trade is conducted through preferential agreements Aside from the tariffs, goods are also subjected to a 1
Many writers have hoped that nationalism, in the wake of globalization and the collapse of international cultural borders facilitated through technology, will simply go away. Yet according to Robert Wiebe in his book Who we are: A history of popular nationalism, nationalism has refused to 'go away' not because it is inherently "atavistic, fanatic, xenophobic, blind, bloody" but "because kinship is an essential aspect of human aspirations (Wiebe 5)
has often been deployed in the service of nationalism" as a means to "underscore the Jewish and biblical past of the land" in order to "differentiate Zionism from more traditional colonial ventures," part of the Israeli people's desire to "return to the original Jewish homeland" as laid out in 1948 by the United Nations and its decision to wholly support the creation of a Jewish state in the Middle East (2008, Internet). In addition, the Israeli government and those hired to excavate archeological sites in Jerusalem and elsewhere "have violated several ethical rules as stipulated by the World Archeological Congress," such a failing to recognize the "indigenous cultural heritage" of the Arab people and failing to establish "equitable partnerships and relationships" between archeologists and those individuals affected or displaced by archeological excavations, all in the name of nationalism and a fervent desire to sustain the "City of David," a national park located in Silwan (Bronner & Gordon, 2008, Internet)
Therefore, in order to demonstrate the influence of nationalism upon important archeological excavations in the British Isles and elsewhere, we will examine three particular case studies -- first, the controversies surrounding Sutton Hoo in England, an Anglo-Saxon burial site "of the kings of the dynasty which ruled East Anglia in the 6th and 7th centuries a.D." (Bruce-Mitford, 2004, p
24), an example being important excavations in Dublin of the rich Viking urban levels, much of which has been bulldozed and carted away as refuse. The director of the excavations openly appealed for more funding from his employer, the National Museum; unfortunately, the reply from the museum was quite discouraging -- "Ah! Now only if it were Early Christian" (Jameson, 1997, p
Obviously, this last argument is based solely upon the ideals of nationalism, due to regarding Sutton Hoo as being too "exotic" and not as "worthwhile" a project as other sites within Great Britain which usually date after the Viking invasions and have more connections with true British heritage. After all, "It is to the advantage of archeology as a whole that public interest in the past is stimulated, and how better than by excavating a site such as Sutton Hoo which is well-known to the general public?" (McGimsey, 2002, p
Certainly, Newman and his fellow opponents, most of whom are professional archeologists and historians, see the ancient site of Tara as a national treasure which deserves to be protected at all costs; in fact, some view the Tara site as an Irish "royal landscape" of great historical importance and as an example "of how generations of people have contributed to the promotion, development and preservation" of Irish heritage over the last four thousand years (2005, Internet). As to the viewpoint of the Irish government, the construction of M3 almost directly on top of the Tara archeological site was necessary as a way of lowering "Dublin-bound commuter" congestion on the "log-jammed M50" and as a way of promoting future business in nearby towns and cities like Meath whose councillors, along with others, argued that M3 "was vital to the future of northwest" Ireland (Newman, 2005, Internet)
Public Archeology Nationalism And Public Archeology Although there are numerous positive and negative motivations that inspire archeologists to search for ancient ruins and civilizations in various countries, the spread of modernization as a result of the ever-changing cultural face of the world related to technology and population growth has now created what is known as public archeology, being excavations "which have been principally financed from public funds" and which have therefore "been thought as valid and useful to society" (Morrison, 1991, p
M. Pretty who "entrusted the archeological work to the Ipswich Museum and to famed archeologist Basil Brown" (Rahtz, 1998, p
Small companies can achieve this through several means which include but not limited to international trade, foreign direct investment, franchising, and/or licensing. Despite these linkages to create an international presence the small companies are faced with critical issues of how to create and maintain a competitive advantage in the presence of ever increasing complexity of international trade and business links, brought about by trade liberalization and increasing international competition (Economy Watch, 2010)
However, they are forces that are linked to one another in a number of ways. Globalization is best described as the process of transformation of local or regional economies into a global economy (Bhagwati, 2004)
Globalization is often used to refer to economic globalization, that is, integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. Nationalization involves taking an area's resources and economies and moving it to the ownership of a national government (Brym, 1986)