The fact that many Palestinian Sephardi Jews identified with Palestinian territory and believed that it was essential for them to live in Israel damaged their position in the area and influenced other communities in wanting to persecute them. These Jewish people saw reform as an opportunity to strengthen their group and were determined to do everything in their power in order to emerge as Jews instead of being categorized as Ottoman citizens (Campos, 461)
Similar to many communities that experienced progress during the early twentieth century, Jewish individuals in the Middle East felt that it was essential for them to develop a sense of identity. These people virtually believed that nations are not very different from individuals and that they are created "as historical actors, having spirits or souls, missions, wills, geniuses; they have places of origin / birth (cradles, often, in the national myth) and lineages (usually patrilineages), as well as life cycles that include birth, periods of blossoming and decay, and fears of death; they have as their physical referent territories that are bounded like human bodies" (Verdery, 229)
Thus, varying cultures were present in different regional colonies. Therefore, the idea of sectionalism and localism was from the very beginning of the colonial era; "Geography, economic life, and social traditions produced clearly recognizable regional groups such as the New England Colonies, the West Indian Colonies, and the Southern Colonies," (Jensen 3)
They suggest not only that nationalism is normatively compatible with liberal democracy, but that it is positively indispensable to it on empirical grounds." (Abizadeh, 2004) Abizadeh goes on to state that a critical aspect of the "…empirical claim consists in what I call the nationalist thesis, according to which a liberal democratic society can motivate support for democratic projects and effect social integration democratically only to the extent that its citizens are unified by a shared nationality
Their effects were varied and do not share a single cause." (Alsop and Hockey, 2004) Alsop and Hockey state that if feminist activities are to "…effectively empower women, it must recognize the symbolic role of women's reproductive health within a broader set of agendas which have little bearing on women's interests
This means abortion, divorce, feminism, homosexuality and consumerism, among other things." (Dizard, Korte and Zamejc, 2007) Those most openly targeted by Polish nationalists are homosexuals, pro-choice advocates and feminists
Transfer of Gender Equality Policy from EU to Member States The transfer of gender equality policy from the EU to member states is a case in point." (Gerber, 2007) Gerber notes that issues relating to gender and the rights of women "have proven contentious not only between Poland and the EU, but have long been a source of intranational conflict -- within the Solidarity Movement and before
" Stated to be a key topic on the radio was "randomly placed banter about 'natural differences between the sexes'…" and a new station was established (FM94) in 2002 with 'real men' as their target audience. (Graff, 2007) Graff states that practically any topic of discussion on the "evening news could spark a comment such as 'this is what women are like' or 'men cannot help but be men'
" (Balakrishnan, Richard, and Anderson, 1996) The work of Robert Kulpa (2006) entitled: "Western Theories, Queer Possibilities, Polish Reality" asks the question of how it is that "after sixteen years of constant democratization processes in the postcommunist Poland, the country is still on the edge of a nervous breakdown?" Kulpa states that the work of Gellner 'recognizes that transitions are times of fundamental conflict, when incompatible practices oppose one another, when people project competing visions of an uncertain future." (Kulpa, 2006) Kulpa states that the fragment renders the implication that "change, process, happening are not typical, and opposed to the everyday state of things
Women and children who stand for an ideological unity are presented as an essence of the nation that has one male subject only." (Mrozik, 2006) Mrozik relates that it was stated by Professor Malgorzata Fuszara that the "…present situation of women is very difficult but she also said that we should not overestimate the interest in the gender equality issue shown by all Polish governments since 1989
Even more difficult, of course, is distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate uses of violence. Ideology of any sort comprises the habits of behavior and belief that combine to make any social world appear to those who inhabit it as the natural world (Billig 37)
The nation state is itself "imagined" as a social community because the members are connected through cultural identities rather than proximity and, or, knowledge of the individual. Communities, therefore, they are defined according to the shared belief that constitutes the imagined commonalties (Anderson 6)
Nationalism helped in promoting the development of nations in these regions by helping in mobilizing large groups of people who played a vital role in eliminating the domination of European countries. European powers exercised control over regional trade among indigenous merchants in parts of the Asian continent (Best, p
For instance, nationalism contributed to the development of Germany through unifying some regional states in the 1900s. Actually, nationalism is regarded as the major factor in understanding people in and history of Germany in German history (Burke, p
divisive nationalism and unifying nationalism. Divisive nationalism refers to a form of political fervor that takes place when a larger country disintegrates into several nation-states while unifying nationalism takes place when members of politically different or unincorporated nations join to form a single nation or country (Lewis par, 2)
The significance of nationalism in the development of nations in the 1900s is evident in various ways including Mobilization One of the roles of nationalism in the development of nations in the 1900s is mobilization of people with shared national identity and other important factors like ethnicity, religion, and culture. In the early phases, nationalism focused on political individualism and commercial, agricultural economy (Snyder, p