Before we can evaluate The Truman Show as an example of the Media Equation Theory, we first must have a firm understanding of the theory itself and how it is applied. In "The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places" by Byron Reeves the reader is given an inside look at the way the theory affects human behavior and thought (Reeves pp )
Recently, a theory has developed involving media psychology. This psychological theory deals with aspects of cognitive and humanistic psychology in relation to the media available to us today (Luskin pp82)
" A recent study concluded that the human interaction with media has become more developed and involved than it was previously. This involvement comes on the heals of email, chat rooms and other non-face-to-face relationships that may be transferred to the computer instead of the person typing on the other end of the communication (Carlson pp 170)
There are many programs designed to promote the theory of media equation including cute little animals that talk to us when we search the net or turn on the computer. This also plays into the humanistic approach as it involves social and intellectual interaction with the machine (Everitt, pp 45)
According to Gettier's Case I, Smith is competing for a job with Jones; however; the President of the company tells Smith that Jones will get the job because "Jones has 10 coins in his pocket." (Gettier, 2)
, Fromm, Rogers) that human destructiveness is typically due to learning, notably observational learning, rather than to some innate instinct. Conversely, socially acceptable behavior is often learned by watching conformist models get along well with others -- as with the dictum "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" (Ewen 1998) Social or observational learning has been essential in understanding how human beings learn
According to an article found in Child Study Journal, social learning has influenced the way that preschoolers embrace reading. The article reports the impact of observational learning on the student's knowledge of the alphabet, attention to print, and use of a questioning technique (Horner 2001)
Another article published in the journal Education & Treatment of Children explains that observational learning also has a positive impact on curriculum as it relates to students with learning disabilities. The article reports a study that reviewed the impact of two forms of constant-time-delay (CTD) on the observational learning of students with learning disabilities (Blackhurst et al
According to an article in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence, social learning theory asserts, "behaviors modeled by others may be imitated in other relationships. Specifically, behaviors of higher status individuals are more likely to be imitated by individuals of lower status (Reese-Weber, 2000)
" In other words, this theory asserts that human behavior and its consequences are learned through observation. The social learning theory was first introduced by Albert Bandura and is also referred to as observational learning (White 1998)
Implicit in Brenner's model is the idea that the skills needed for nursing can be learned through experience and through instruction or mentoring (Fry, 1993). Indeed, Brenner's model communicates a vision of nursing as relational, involving "the nurse's response as a human being, first, and then secondarily, in the nursing role (Brenner, 1984; Fry, 1993)
Caring in Leadership Dewar and Cook (2013) examined a leadership program implemented with 86 nursing staff working in 24 in-patient areas in an acute care NHS Board in Scotland. Their work describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of the program that is designed to foster appreciative and relationship-centered leadership in healthcare settings (Dewar & Cook, 2013)
Skillings (2008) asserts that the following arenas have the potential to impact a caring footprint in nursing practice: 1) Training, mentoring, and professional development; 2) organizational aspects, such as cultural transformation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and organizational infrastructure; and 3) nursing leadership across all levels of a healthcare institution. Caring in Professional Development Benner developed a model of caring that incorporates the acquisition of nursing skills "novice to expert" and that fits well with professional preparation programs, but is especially germane to in-service staff training (Fry, 1983)
The Swanson Caring Theory framework for patient well-being considers Enabling and Doing For as behaviors indicating professional competence, while Knowing and Being With are considered manifestations of compassion -- and are directed toward Maintaining Belief in the patient (Tonges & Ray, 2011). Three theories and models of caring that developed in the 1970s continue to influence the curriculum in preparation programs for professional nursing practice: Patricia Brenner's model of Madeleine Leininger's theory of cultural care and Jean Watson's theory of human caring (Leininger, 1991; Watson, 1988)
The ethic of caring that is fundamental to nursing endures an onslaught of competing priorities, barriers to compassionate practice, and adaptations inherent to modern healthcare institutions (Skillings, 2008). Most behaviors that the nursing discipline considers caring are readily recognized, such as "attentive listening, comforting, honest, patient, responsibility, providing information to the patient can make an informed decision, touch, sensitivity, respect, calling the patient by name" (Vance, 2003)
Indeed, an esteemed constellation of nurses throughout history, including Nightingale, Watson, Henderson, and Benner, have integrated the concept of care into their theory and praxis. Caring has been considered a foundational element of nursing such that "compassion and therapeutic relationships" are viewed as essential "underpinnings" of nursing (Skillings, 2008)
Categorically, many nurse practitioners and nurse educators place these behaviors under several headings. For instance, Swanson's caring theory processes are Knowing, Being With, Doing For, and Enabling (Tonges & Ray, 2011)
With a worldview of connectedness and unity, Watson located her theory in relational ontology. That is to say that she perceived the being-in-relation orientation as "concentric circles of caring" with interactive capacity (think: ripples in a pond) to impact others and the environment through caring behavior (Watson, 1996)
With a worldview of connectedness and unity, Watson located her theory in relational ontology. That is to say that she perceived the being-in-relation orientation as "concentric circles of caring" with interactive capacity (think: ripples in a pond) to impact others and the environment through caring behavior (Watson, 1996)
In order to provide effective patient care it is very important for the Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) to have an effective bedside manner. In order to understand the expectations of the patients and to improve the relation between the patients and providers there is a need for more research (Finch, 2008)