Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor 1960 AD Human are motivated by lower order or negative (Theory X) and higher order or positive (Theory Y) needs. Theory X: ( People Inherent dislike of work ( They must be controlled ( They avoid responsibility and seek formal direction ( Place security above other factors Theory Y: ( Take work naturally just like sex and play ( Exercise self-direction and control if committed to objectives ( People can learn to accept responsibility ( Ability to make innovative decisions is evenly dispersed throughout the population (Shah & Shah, 2008) There is no question in my mind that there are both X and Y managers and that the experience of work is dominated by the challenge of each in each setting
He was wildly wrong saying the clitoris was an underdeveloped penis. "Women oppose change, receive passively, and add nothing of their own," he was quoted as saying in a 1925 paper (Cherry, 2010)
Defense Mechanisms -- Freud. Arthur Clark writes that Freud listed a total of 17 defense mechanisms; some of those include "conversion, displacement, isolation, projection, repression, and retreat or withdrawal from reality" (Clark, 1998)
Later in life the ego is developed, which is more sophisticated and can help to satisfy the impulses the id responds to. Basically, according to Coon, the ego directs the energies "supplied by the id"; the id is like "a blind king or queen, whose power is awesome" but must rely on others to carry out orders and the ego is like the power that carries out those wants that the kind and queen have (Coon, 2008, 399)
Included is a discussion of how the paths to spiritual knowledge and scientific knowledge are so very different, and yet, these two kinds of enlightenment can result in fully compatible layers of understanding our world." (Enns, 2013, p
So from spirit comes spirit and God from God as light is kindled from light." (Glass, 2012) Glass writes as well that John states in his Gospel that Jesus has said that He and the Father "are one
In order to escape the threat of death, Vito immigrates to the United States in 1901. Historically, four million Italians immigrated to the United States between 1880 and 1915 (Marger 296)
It is within the context of the New York crime syndicate that Allport's Theory of Contact can be best applied. Allport's Theory of Contact holds that prejudice and discrimination is reduced through interpersonal contact (Pettigrew 66)
When all members of the community have the same level of empowerment, then the community will be self-supporting. Group factors and environmental factors come into play that can help people to improve their health (Fawcett et al
The community as a whole has the power within it to help improve health. The role of nurses is in part to improve the ability of the community to make better choices and to promote health through individual and community relationships (Persily & Hildebrandt, 2008)
The traditional equilibrium migration theory is also challenged by other experts who are that there is evidence of several migrations from South America to North America, concluded from tracing the movements of parasites in and around animal fossils from South to North (Jimenez, Gardner and Navone 1170). Other experts who agree with the multi-migration theory believe that diversity in phylogenetics of these species is traceable to different diversification patterns and different migrations (Davies and Buckley 2415)
However, other experts believe that the greater survival rate of Nearctic animals in South America was due to a greater number of migrations from North to South (Perini, Russo and Schrago 657), rather than to genetic superiority or outright size. This belief in several Northern-to-Southern migrations at different times is supported by the discovery of 2 new fossils of procyonids in Venezuela, outside and north of Argentina, which are similar to Procyonid fossils found in the southern part of South America (Forasiepi, Soibelzon and Suarez Gomez)
The controversies appear to involve the question of multiple migrations only from North to South, multiple migrations from both directions, additional migrations from other avenues such as water, and ultimately the reasons for the Northern or Nearctic species' apparently greater success after migrating to South America. The prevailing traditional belief is that the migrations North and South were basically even, according to an equilibrium theory (Jablonski
Important Results from recent primary literature articles and how they shape our current understanding of the topic The Great American Interchange was the migration of North American (Nearctic) species to South America and South American (Neotropic) species to North America due to the rise of the natural Panama land bridge between North America and South America 3 -- 4 million years ago during the Pleistocene Period (Smith and Klicka 334). The Great American Interchange resulted in a Great American Biotic Interchange, resulted in the evolutionary diversity of several species, both the North and South Americas, with different origins and different evolutionary paths (Jimenez, Gardner and Navone 1167)
The Great American Interchange resulted in a Great American Biotic Interchange, resulted in the evolutionary diversity of several species, both the North and South Americas, with different origins and different evolutionary paths (Jimenez, Gardner and Navone 1167). The Nearctic species that migrated to South America were more successful in evolving and surviving than were the Neotropic species, as evidenced by fossil finds in North America, Central America and South America (MacFadden 162)
The prevailing traditional belief is that the migrations North and South were basically even, according to an equilibrium theory (Jablonski and Sepkoski 1367), and that Northern animals succeeded in their new Southern geographic area better than Southern animals succeeded in their new Northern geographic area for 2 reasons: because they were used to more vigorous evolutionary competition over a larger land mass from prior Eurasian migrations; and because they were better able to adjust to the South American climate (Jablonski and Sepkoski 1367). However, other experts believe that the greater survival rate of Nearctic animals in South America was due to a greater number of migrations from North to South (Perini, Russo and Schrago 657), rather than to genetic superiority or outright size
Body: How the Great American Interchange Affected Animal Evolution a. Important Results from recent primary literature articles and how they shape our current understanding of the topic The Great American Interchange was the migration of North American (Nearctic) species to South America and South American (Neotropic) species to North America due to the rise of the natural Panama land bridge between North America and South America 3 -- 4 million years ago during the Pleistocene Period (Smith and Klicka 334)
The mainstream of these children are younger than the age of 5 (Pulver, 2014). Furthermore, these studies of families with substance use disorders show patterns that meaningfully effect child development and the probability that a child will tussle with behavioral, emotional, or substance use difficulties (Caplan, 2012)
Schmitt (2008) made the claimed that secure attachments are essential when it comes to human affect regulation through life, not just during the time of being a baby and early childhood. Certainly, research has been able to display that the attachment system's affect regulating work is vital when it comes to upkeep of cognitive resources; humans are able to self-regulate for only so long before their capacity to do so is meaningfully weakened (Elkashef, 2012)
From a nursing framework, this paper will make the attempt to communicate those features of attachment theory pertinent to understanding addiction from its theoretical viewpoint, describe addiction in terms of attachment, and recognize how addiction is being treated as an attachment disorder. Significant research studies which pursue to create addictions as a problem ingrained in attachment and to inspect the efficiency of attachment-oriented psychotherapy in treatment of compulsions will be reviewed from the nursing point-of-view Attachment Theory Research shows that there is an estimation of more than eight million children that are younger than the age 18 live with at least one adult who has a substance use disorder that is a rate of in excess of one in 10 children (Flores, 2012)