It exploits the cognitive behavior of the individual where the normal positive behavior is emphasized. It follows on the past thoughts, experiences, feelings, problems and relationships (Grohol, M
Essentially, the research utilized data from previous studies to compile a throughout survey of death rates over a substantially long period of time. Data was collected from studies conducted from dates ranging from January 1, 1980 to January 31, 2006 (Saha, Chant, & McGrath, 2007)
Other forms of therapy include occupational 'life skills' therapy and group therapy. Still, despite the available psychopharmacological treatments, life expectancies of persons with schizophrenia are 12 to 15 years less than the average person (Saha, Chant, & McGrath, 2007)
Schizophrenia Introduction Schizophrenia is characterized by inappropriate emotional responses and a breakdown in proper thinking. Many people with the disorder hear voices and suffer from delusions (Aziz, Bellack, & Rosenfarb, 2006)
, 2013; Ungvari, Caroff, & Gerevich, 2010). Additionally, they have very disordered thinking to the point they cannot function properly in both social and work relationships (Baier, 2010)
Throughout the years, the diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia have been a point of contention. Many believe that Schneider's first-rank symptoms are too specific to be appropriate, and that there are better ways to determine whether a person has schizophrenia (Gorczynski & Faulkner, 2010; Hor & Taylor, 2010)
There were few formal diagnoses, but writings detailing symptoms and the difficulties they presented were very common. The earliest cases seen in medical literature date back to 1797 and 1809, where it was considered to be more of a dementia that was caused by the ending of puberty (Hor & Taylor, 2010; Masterpasqua, 2009)
Many believe that Schneider's first-rank symptoms are too specific to be appropriate, and that there are better ways to determine whether a person has schizophrenia (Gorczynski & Faulkner, 2010; Hor & Taylor, 2010). Today, operational criteria are used instead, but it was not until the 1970s that these were agreed upon (Masterpasqua, 2009)
Biblical Worldview From a Christian perspective, there are two common opinions on schizophrenia and serious mental illnesses. One is that it is a true mental illness and a natural part of a fallen world, and the other is that there may be demonic activity involved (Pargament & Lomax, 2013)
Many people with the disorder hear voices and suffer from delusions (Aziz, Bellack, & Rosenfarb, 2006). They are often paranoid, and lack both motivation and emotion (Pijnenborg, et al
, 2013). Those with only one schizophrenic parent have a 13% chance, and people with a first-degree relative with the disorder see chances of nearly 7% (Stafford, et al
The criteria are based on self-reported issues by the patient and experiences of behavior that is not normal, followed by a clinical assessment (Aziz, Bellack, & Rosenfarb, 2006). There is no official, objective test, and the symptoms must be at a certain level of severity before a diagnosis is made (Ungvari, Caroff, & Gerevich, 2010)
Cognitive deficits include problems with memory, attention span and concentration, and executive functioning (judgment and decisionmaking). (Bond & Meyer, 1999, p
Medications have also improved significantly with regard to symptom treatment over the years, as is attested to by Higgins, who empirically compares Clozapine with other more effective and newer medications and briefly discusses the history of deinstitutionalization through medical intervention and treatment with the drug thorazine. (Higgins, 1995, p
Though the accepted diagnostic criterion for Schizophrenia (with paranoid ideologies) is that of the DSM-IV there are several ways to diagnose the disorder and to separate it from that of other psychiatric disorders as well as to add to the therapeutic knowledge of the individual. (Hilsenroth, Fowler & Padawer, 1998, p
(Bond & Meyer, 1999, p. 9) The reason it is called paranoid schizophrenia is because the delusions frequently experienced manifest into ideas of others wishing to hurt or control you, even when such realities are not present (positive or present symptoms) (Rowe & Shean, 1997, p
A more recent trend in management of the disorder has also stressed the need to develop strong community-based support systems for these individuals, even supporting the idea of having other psychiatric outpatients serve to assist individual in the community as support systems, with some real success. (Turner, Korman, Lumpkin & Hughes, 1998, p
Challenges are often greatest during periods of therapeutic transition and especially when therapeutic relationships are severed and new ones are begun. (Walsh & Meyersohn, 2001, p
All of these speculative singular casual models of this disorder have been empirically demonstrated not to fully explain the cause schizophrenia. It has become clear that schizophrenia has multiple causes and is best explained in terms of a diathesis stress model or the predisposition model of schizophrenia (Feldman, 2008)
Likewise, if it were a disorder with a purely environmental cause then adoption studies of monozygotic twins would not produce similar concordance rates for adopted twins that go to different homes and twins reared in the birth home. In addition, we now understand that the effects of genes on behavior are often dependent on environmental cues (Lewontin, Rose, & Kamin, 1985)