Exposure to more intense radiation is known to cause acute illness, such as described by radiation poisoning or radiation disease (Bleise, Danesi, & Burkart, 2003). There are principally two mechanisms by which radioactivity causes damage to human beings and other living species: cellular destruction and cellular mutation (Schanz, Schuler, Lorat, Fan, Kaestner, Wennemuth, & Rube, 2012)
Based on these findings the 222 Gy of ionizing radiation probably acted in a similar manner, by depleting the pool of available subunits through covalent modification, which triggered depolymerization of meiotic spindles to replenish the depleted subunit pool. Biological Relevance During the early 20th century women's ovaries were exposed to ionizing radiation to curb menstrual bleeding, which in some cases led to miscarriages and still births (Ogilvy-Stuart and Shalet, 1993)
Other Considerations Several factors can influence oocyte survival after radiation exposure. These include bystander effects (Mothersill and Seymour, 1998), total time of ionizing radiation fraction delivery (Wang et al
Discussion Our results indicate that exposure of oocytes to sufficient doses of ionizing radiation can destroy meiotic spindles. The fate of these spindles can't be determined from these experiments, but prior research studies examining irradiation-induced mitotic arrest of cells indicated that spindles depolymerized (Zaremba and Irwin, 1981)
A key aspect of radiation safety focuses on reducing occupational health risks for individuals working in interventional laboratory settings. Even though radiation exposure for health care workers has decreased as a result of technological advances, it is still not uncommon for busy interventionists to come close to or even exceed limits that are considered acceptable (Klein et al
Researchers have reported that the exposure in children is higher than in adults since children have thinner skulls and the higher content of water and ion in their brain, all these factors enhance penetration of radiation. There have been reports from some researchers that the radiation absorption rate of a child's brain is twice that of an adult (Environmental Working Group, 2010)
Examples of specific investigations include the determination of the effects of extensive use of mobile phones on the brain metabolites which can be detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and finding out if in vivo effects on the frequency of micronucleated exfoliated cells can be caused by mobile phone radiations. In order to find out the related findings on this subject matter a number of sources were used most of which deal with experimental data from various investigations (Khiat, et al
Even though most studies have eliminated the relationship between cellular phone use and the incidence of brain tumors, increased risks have however been associated with mobile phone used. Gliomas has been cited as the most common form of primary tumor with astrocytomas being the most frequently occurring type of gliomas (Kundi, 2009; Smirnov, 2009)
The "Time division multiple access" (TDMA) system which helps in increasing the number of people communicating simultaneously with a base station leads to the generation of continuous low frequency. The other technology which also emits low frequency in cell phones is the energy-saving discontinuous transmission mode (DTX), the frequency of this radiation is even higher (2Hz) when the user is just listening and not talking (Mercola, n
The "Time division multiple access" (TDMA) system which helps in increasing the number of people communicating simultaneously with a base station leads to the generation of continuous low frequency. The other technology which also emits low frequency in cell phones is the energy-saving discontinuous transmission mode (DTX), the frequency of this radiation is even higher (2Hz) when the user is just listening and not talking (Mercola, n
" (Holmes, 1872). Amidst today's province of confusing knowledge, deciphering what facts to listen to regarding: "How harmful are cell phones and what preventive measures can you take?" (Brown 59) presents a challenging privilege
Concerns for All Ages In Light on Concerns Warning: fortune cookies don't care what happens to you." (Cooley, 1988) Even though cell phones and fortune cookies may not initially appear to have a common thread, the concept that connects them is that those who market cell phones, in a similar sense, do not usually consider what happens to those who purchase and use cell phones
Although current, often downplayed warnings regarding cell phones may not be as critical as those by Gale, a bone-marrow specialist on the dangerous radiation levels in western Russia, after visiting to treat victims of Chernobyl's nuclear accident, cell phone uses could benefit from considering evidence regarding this particular "silent enemy." (Gale, 1986)
The Big Question The Privilege to Listen It is the province of knowledge to speak, and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen." (Holmes, 1872)
" ("Alarm Grows over Mobile" 23) Some marketers prey today's fear of radiation and market fraudulent devices, claiming they will protect individuals. (Nordenberg 19) What a cell phone is held to close to a person's head, Brown (59) reports, "as much as 60% of the microwave radiation is absorbed by and actually penetrates the brain
Radiation Three Types of Radiation Radiation is the term given to the emission of various particles, typically from the nuclei of atoms (BCS 2011; Nave 2011). The universe has many different sources of radiation, and there are also different types of radiation depending on the source and, to a much greater degree, the exact particles that are involved in the radiation (Nave 2011)
Legislation Issues in Relation to Ionizing Radiation at a Work Place Ever since Roentgen discovered and introduced X-rays -- a type of ionizing radiation -- in the year 1985, their harmful impacts on humans have been under scrutiny. Ionizing radiation is, essentially, any electromagnetic particle or wave, which is capable of ionizing and removing electron(s) from a molecule or an atom of its medium of propagation (Bull, 2003)
This paper aims to address some key published research, legislative, and administrative issues with regard to workplace ionizing radiation. (Holmes, 2015) EU-OSHA Legislation on Ionizing Radiation at a Work Place EU-OSHA (or European Union -Occupational Safety and Health Administration) represents an EU agency whose key mandate is information collection and law-making on occupational health and safety
The basic vision of this EU division is saving lives, preventing injuries and ensuring safety of every worker in the EU; bearing in mind this vision, EU-OSHA has passed a number of legislation up till now, in this regard. One such legislation is the 1999 Ionising Radiations Regulations (IRR
The Act also has other aims. (Lewis, 2004) Primary Duty under the Act: This Act was primarily devised for the purpose of safeguarding all working males and females from occupational hazards