The philosophy itself has been described as the study of 'being'. One report states, "The phenomenological orientation is distinguished by systematic attention to feeling qualities, intentions, ascribed identities, and presuppositions about objects" (Zagorin, 1999)
Everything was unfixed from its age-long rest, and moving at whirlwind speed in a direction opposite to their own." (Hawthorne, Chapter 17)
"In the past the prevailing idea has been well expressed in the saying that "captains of industry are born not made"; and the theory has been that if one could get the right man, methods could be safely left with him. In the future it will be appreciated that our leaders must be trained right as well as born right, and that no great man can (with the old system of personal management) hope to compete wit a number of ordinary men who have been properly organized so as efficiently to cooperate"(Taylor, 1911)
To our horror it is still there and more terrible than ever before. I cannot see that we can assign a larger role to art today" that at other times in history (Datta, 2006)
"In rejecting the idea of a God who gives us values changeless and transcendent of the everyday world he gives us superman, a real individual who creates values which are firmly rooted in the everyday changing world. This is someone who, by trusting his own intuitive sense of what is good and evil, succeeds better than any other" man in proving what it is to be a truly excellent human being (Bradley, 2007)
Enlightenment Ideas Challenged The philosophers shared the Newtonian belief that the universe is a machine governed by simple mathematical laws, a machine whose constituent parts (matter, energy, space, and time) are the same absolute and unchanging realities that we experience in everyday life. How was this belief undermined by Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg's theories? Werner Heisenberg stated that contrary to Newton's assumption that the natural laws that governed the real world existed independently of human observation, concepts like the predictable orbits of electrons did not really exist until humans observed those orbits (Cassidy, 2006)
Heisenberg called his principle the Uncertainty Principle, and did not state it was unchanging law of nature. He called his observation the product of "a pure fact of experience" (Hilgevoord, 2007)
The Sophists transcended from their predecessors' schools of thought and dived into sociological perspectives instead. (Baldwin 1902) All in all, we can clearly see how tireless the efforts of these intellectual giants have been and how much they have shaped our modern lives
His empirical capacity stretched to amazing lengths: he could calculate navigational distances, predict the height of a pyramid and even forecast a solar eclipse. (Bielaczyc and Collins 2006)
Conclusively, it can be observed that Heraclitus's theories were indeed all encompassing and once again showed a tendency to merge science with theological perspectives. (Harris n
He wanted to bring forth an amalgamation of scientific and divine thought into Greek philosophy. (Hernandez 2006) The Ionian period was then followed by yet another great thinker in Heraclitus
In spite of their theories being rather crude, it is undeniable that there estimations were remarkably astute. (Johnson 1945) After Democritus, the pre-Socratic era came to an end and was then replaced by the highly illustrious Classical era of Greek philosophy, which was dominated by the great minds of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
Such vast theories surely go on to prove how far sighted and keen this individual was and how much thought he lent to the cause of Greek philosophy. (Kahn 1994) We now move from the Milesian era to the Ionian era of the pre-Socratic age
In a time when all beliefs were ultimately governed by plentiful superstition and inescapable authoritative influence, Thales was the first man to go against traditional opinions and replace mythology with metaphysics. (Knierim 1999) Furthermore, Thales claimed that all things possessed a soul and animation of a body is the definitive giveaway of an object in possession of a soul
The most prevalent of these paradoxes were: 'The Midway Problem', the 'Achilles and Tortoise' paradox, the 'Arrow' and finally the 'Stadium', all of which being theories through which Zeno says that all distances are divisible into many parts and hence infinite and so an infinite distance cannot be covered in a limited amount of time. (Lynds 2003) Ultimately all of this era's works generated much future debate and cemented the fact that multiplicity gives rise to contradictions
However, it would be a grand anomaly to overlook the examinations of such maestros, with regard to how far the human race has come. (Russell 1972) Regardless of whether we talk about one era or another, it is unambiguous that these philosophers instilled great thought and effort in shaping the scientific and logical realms of the modern world
In such a period, the philosophical relay was initiated by Thales (624-546 BC), who by many is regarded as the father of Greek philosophy. (Seyffert 1894) It was a time whereby the Greek civilization flourished and city states strengthened in terms of government and economy
In other words matter multiplies continuously and becomes infinitely more complex. (Sider 2005) Anaxagoras is also often ascribed the foundations of psychology because he introduced the idea of the human mind, articulating that it was infinite in capacity and independent in nature
It can therefore be concluded with regard to Empedocles that he presented many relevant and everlasting theories which form the foundation of most scientific works today. (Solmsen 1965) As we progress into 500-428 BC, we stumble upon the Clazomenae period which is predominantly marked by the celebrated philosophies of Anaxagoras
To Marx, history was a continual class struggle between the oppressed and the oppressors. As history progresses, each succeeding society replaces the previous but still counts on the exploitation of the worker in order to survive (Bluben, 2006)