For this, he was revived and recognized as the early precursor of the Christian doctrine when the Roman Empire was Christianized from 100-400 CE (Senyshyn). The Philosophy of Aristotle Aristotle founded his own school, which he called Lyceum, in Athens in the year 355 BCE (Crisp 2002)
Philosophers and Great Leaders Ancient Greek philosophers will always have a distinct place in human history by giving shape to Western philosophical thought (Fieser 2014)
He said that morality can be passed on through education (Vlastos, Waterfield). The Philosophy of Plato This underlies his more than 20 dialogues, philosophical letters and the rest of his writings, which were recovered only after the 14th and 15th centuries (Senyshyn 2008)
Their philosophies are hereunder compared and contrasted with that of Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia. The Philosophy of Socrates Socrates was and still is better known for his unusual teaching methods than for his military career (Vlastos 1991, Waterfield 2009)
In fact, Gandhi had a history with issues regarding fingerprinting. Here, the research suggests that "Gandhi organized popular resistance to a law that subjected Indian and Chinese immigrants to a stigmatizing system of fingerprint identity registration" (Breckenridge, 2011)
Gandhi whole-heartedly believed in the principle of civil disobedience. One has the right to civil disobedience if it is "in response to an instance of substantial and clear injustice" (Brownlee, 2013)
One has the capacity and capability to decide whether or not to engage in any activity or take any action. Once there is no longer control or involvement, one should disengage (Flynn, 2010)
These ideas together portend serious conflict in situations where there is competition for resources. If there were no common authority Hobbes believes everyone would be free to act as one thinks best to further their own gains, thus a state of war, a war of "all against all" (Lloyd and Sreedhar, 2009)
He argues that if Mencius' position were correct than there would be no need for institutions, rituals and duties that were established to bring order to society. The fact act we require these is evidence that people's propensities are bad (Robins, 2008)
believed that human nature was good. He held that the temperament of the heart and mind were set in an ethical direction from birth and that mankind's function is to nourish this inclination (Shun, 2010)
moral relativism (Streitfeld). Essentially, moral realism is an objective view while moral realism is a subjective view (Streitfeld) Moral realism holds that a thing is either right or it is wrong (Kim)
This is not necessarily true when one takes the time to explore what is meant by moral realism vs. moral relativism (Streitfeld)
Thus, morality is not rigid and may change from wrong to right under varying circumstances, and it is therefore subjective (Kim). Moreover, the moral relativist would argue that a moral judgment is only "true or false relative to some particular standpoint (for instance, that of a culture or a historical period) and that no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others" (Westacott)
At the beginning of "Apology" Socrates introduces his style of argumentation when he says, "From me you will hear the whole truth, though not, by Zeus, gentlemen, expressed in embroidered and stylized phrases like theirs [his accusers], but things spoken at random and expressed in the first words that come to mind, for I put my trust in the justice of what I say, and let none of you expect anything else." (Cahn 29)
Writers like Paul.M Churchland argued that since the distinction between the two is arbitrary, the rational basis for separating them is severely lacking (Churchland, 25)
but, later philosophers argued that all objects are given names and definitions because it is convenient and practical for people to do so, not necessarily because there is any inherent distinction between them independent of our own interpretations. The post-war period saw a surge of philosophers seeking to dethrone dualism and out of these arguments notions of behaviorism, materialism, and functionalism were born (Feinberg, 318)
Paul Holbach made a forceful argument in favor of determinism and wrote, "All that passes in him [man]; all that is done by him; as well as all that happens in nature, or that is attributed to her, is derived from necessary laws, and which produce necessary effects from whence necessarily flow others." (Holbach,165) B
M Churchland argued that since the distinction between the two is arbitrary, the rational basis for separating them is severely lacking (Churchland, 25). However, other philosophers -- Frank Jackson for example -- reasoned that materialists necessarily have difficulty accounting for and physically quantifying qualia, and therefore, the notion that the mind and body are separate may still retain some validity (Jackson, 4)
Skinner affirmed this belief and wrote that such arguments "have formulated the task in such a way that they cannot now accept the fact that all control is exerted by the environment and proceed to the design of better environments rather than better men." (Skinner, 9)
However, more recent philosophers like Walter T. Stace have presented cases that fuse both seemingly contradictory notions together; thus, maintaining the basic principle than man is in control of his own actions (Stace, 244)