Bush when the nation considered the plight of Terri Schiavo -- who was, despite the surname, not Italian-American herself, but was a Roman Catholic -- whose parents, strict Catholics, did not believe her persistent vegetative state was irreversible. Ragucci also notes that, with the Italian-American community "refinements of the definition of folk health beliefs have resulted from an emphasis on syncretism" with Catholic practice, and so Italian-Americans will mix folk beliefs about health with Catholic practice (Ragucci 42)
The historic affiliation of Italian-Americans with the Democratic Party (which has altered somewhat in more recent decades) may be attributable to the existing political attitudes of those who emigrated, which were motivated largely by social justice. The famous case of Sacco and Vanzetti -- Italian immigrants executed in 1920s Massachusetts for a crime that they did not commit-hinged largely on their leftist ("anarchist") political convictions, combined with their status as Italians (Tropp 2005)
Current trends in the Italian grocery market have emphasized food and beverage sales over other product classes and have also demonstrated a current growth in preference for discount items and retail chains (Datamonitor 2010); Aruvian 2010). With a market size of many millions of consumers, however, there are necessarily niche markets that could be identified and profitably exploited through proper branding and marketing efforts (Alvin 2010)
The market has actually be shrinking at the present time, but a lack of service to certain geographic areas as well as the boost to gourmet markets that can be achieved though a perception of scarcity can also be beneficial to the company (Datamonitor 2010); Alvin 2010). Profitability will not be easy to achieve in this market, but persistence and proper positioning in Kudler Fine Foods' identified niche market will assist in the growth and profitability for this company in the Italian retail grocery market (Aruvian 2010)
Profitability will not be easy to achieve in this market, but persistence and proper positioning in Kudler Fine Foods' identified niche market will assist in the growth and profitability for this company in the Italian retail grocery market (Aruvian 2010). Channel and Pricing Strategies There are three distinct channels by which marketing efforts must be refined in order to achieve the maximum benefit from marketing activities and to ensure the long-term viability of any business organization: the sales channel, the product channel, and the service channel (Kwik 2009)
In relation to this, Lansing (1997) stated that the patriarchal nature of Italy is evidenced by the Florentine state dowry fund. Further, Brandes (1980) explained the sixth machismo phenomenon on the "exaggeration of male attributes, style and self-expression" (Brandes, 1980)
In order to plan mainstreaming policies and developments, the social utility of gender statistics must be recognised. CONCLUSIONS According to Foucault, the "challenge to sex divisions would not just come from biology and its medical or cosmetic alteration, but from the formation of relationships not structured by sexuality and gender" (Foucault, 1998)
In order to plan mainstreaming policies and developments, the social utility of gender statistics must be recognised. CONCLUSIONS According to Foucault, the "challenge to sex divisions would not just come from biology and its medical or cosmetic alteration, but from the formation of relationships not structured by sexuality and gender" (Foucault, 1998)
In order to plan mainstreaming policies and developments, the social utility of gender statistics must be recognised. CONCLUSIONS According to Foucault, the "challenge to sex divisions would not just come from biology and its medical or cosmetic alteration, but from the formation of relationships not structured by sexuality and gender" (Foucault, 1998)
All these machismo concepts, according to Haller, has always been viewed in Italy as a problem of rural lower class men to compensate their powerlessness in a culture dominated by upper class values, where autonomy and power are necessary conditions of masculinity (Haller, 1995). Gilmore (1987) said that much of these machismo issues has been approached mainly by Neofreudian theses that suggest that the "boy's identification" with the mother in cultures like Italy and other Southern European countries, where fathers are 'absent' in childrearing, makes the development of a male gender identity problematic (Gilmore, 1987)
The promotion of such idealisms occurs through cultural and social innovations that encourage gender oriented and specific tasks, and societies where women and men are categorized as feminine or masculine to begin with. Second to this, Haller identified the belief that "male honour and reputation is dependent on the ability to protect the virginity of daughters and furthermore to control social and sexual behavior of their female kin in general" (Haller, 1995)
Lansing (1997) believed that these unwritten laws on public domains and the restriction of the presence of women were ideas derived from theological understandings of original sin. He said that the lack of just order in society could be understood as the result of "concupiscence, sensual appetite resistant to reason" (Lansing, 1997)
Second to this, Haller identified the belief that "male honour and reputation is dependent on the ability to protect the virginity of daughters and furthermore to control social and sexual behavior of their female kin in general" (Haller, 1995). In relation to this, Lindisfarne (1994) cited the political effectiveness of this rhetoric "honour" "because it operates at a level of abstraction which hides classificatory ambiguities and alternative points-of-view, while empowering some fortunate man and women" (Lindisfarne, 1994)
The vast cultural changes, according to Passerini, happened at the same time when there were important developments in education -- the raising of the minimum school-leaving age to 14 (1962), the entry of increasing numbers of girls and women into secondary and higher education -- which were compressed into a relatively short period and occurred later compared with countries them" (Passerini, 1996). According to Mantini (2000), within the general elevation of higher education that distinguished Italy in the 1960s, women's access to higher education rose much more than men's, starting a trend which continued steadily through the 1970s and 1980s, when numbers of women entering higher education equalled those of men (Mantini, 2000)
The dependency of children and the autonomy of men generate conflict between fathers and sons when the latter begin to proclaim their own manliness; to overcome this conflict, there are several strategies, none of which is culturally ritualized. This lack of orientation leads the adolescents to expose hyper masculine behavior (Murphy 1983)
Italian Feminism The clamor for gender equality that spawned the early beginnings of Italian feminism in the 1960s-1970s is one of the most interesting facets in the nation's history due to "historically specific accumulation of contradictions," according to Passerini (1996). Rapid transformations were taking place in the country at that time, including changes in the economy, society, migration patterns, and employment rates (Passerini, 1996)
Throughout time Italy has become known as a distinct culture and society, promoting much idealism, manners of thinking and stereotypes even related to male and female roles within society. In Italy today, a stereotype exists regarding feminism; women are considered as maternal in nature and the traditional role of "wife and mother have predominated for years" (Rubin, 1998)
In an age when gender complementation and empowerment are continually gaining ground worldwide, these differences could only serve to perpetuate gender inequality in Italy - thus creating further basis for the feminism-masculinism dichotomy to persist. According to some, "the entrepreneurial culture and workplaces of commercial capitalism" have resulted in an institutionalized system of masculinity almost in countries like Italy, creating and "legitimating new forms of gendered work" and also power exchanges between the sexes (Segal, 1999)
As immigrants. And from 1911 to 1920, another 1.1 million immigrants arrived (Anderson, 2006, p
Italian-American Stereotypes -- Jonathan J. Cavallero According to Jonathan Cavallero writing in the peer-reviewed Journal of Popular Film and Television, the 1930s was a time when Italian-American heroes were on the rise but "denigration of Italians at large" (Cavallero, 2004, p