For example, as depicted in one of his early paintings "The Adoration of the Magi" introduced a new approach to composition, in which the main figures are grouped in the foreground, while the background consists of distant views of imaginary ruins and battle scenes. (Magurn, para on "Paintings") In the "Last Supper" that shows the 12 apostles painted in dynamic compositional groups of three with Christ himself isolated in the center of the painting -- representing a clam nucleus -- Leonardo has re-introduced the style pioneered earlier by Masaccio, considered to be the father of Florentine painting
It is considered to be a masterpiece in the portrayal of the artistic ideals of the Renaissance as well as the importance of classical studies to literary and cultural achievements of the era. (Pioch) After enjoying unprecedented fame for three centuries as a painter of the highest order, Raphael has gone somewhat out of favor during the past century
His grace, modesty and excellence of character contrasted sharply with the eccentricity, outlandishness and even a touch of madness often associated with artists preceding him. (Vasari) He brings a touch of serenity to the paintings of the Renaissance era besides furthering the beauty of the art of realistic depiction of the human form
This is the Water Framework Directive, coming into force in 2000, right after Italy joined the EU. The regulations have a stated objective of "better integration of natural resource management and economic activities" but to an extent this takes the issue of water management out of the hands of the actual farmers (Bartolini et al
Note that these regions have historically faced challenges with respect to the climate, and have historically shown to be unable to handle rise in populations. Italian agriculture, because of climate change and the water situation, is considered to be fragile (Pontradolfi & Nizza, 2012)
If climate change reduces these rains, that puts the hydrological system of much of southern Italy at risk. Italy can expect temperature rise in all regions in the 21st century, but a reduction of rains in the south, which could alter agricultural patterns (Ventrella, 2006)
Cooperatives have different routes to market -- they can package themselves, as many do, or sell to a wholesaler who will repackage the olive oil. This is often done for export markets, where the local cooperative labeling will have little resonance with the consumer (Vossen, 2000)
The Italian identity is characterized by increased commitment to fragmentation and individualism, which is reflected in the country's relative inability to unify under a common central power. As compared to the rest of Europe, Italy lacked a common set of values that would enable the whole society to develop and grow (Battilana, 2003)
Moreover, Sicily has its own government, dialect, and mentality that contributed to the emergence of the Mafia. In essence, the emergence and growth of the Mafia is attributed to the fact that Sicily has usually been a place to be increasingly exploited instead of being governed (Lindo, 2008)