Often treatment of the substance abuse means treating the underlying condition. For many veterans group therapy is the first time that they have reached out to another for kinship since their combat experiences (Tendall & Fishler, n
Motivation was then not also due to instincts or environmental pulls, but was also fueled by the need to become something more than a cog in a machine and a need to find deeper meanings to life and existence, something not well explained by the previous two paradigms. The humanistic paradigm was also extremely accomplished in the area of psychotherapy thanks to Carl Rogers being the first therapist to apply experimental methodologies to psychotherapy outcomes (Barry, 2002)
In addiction and compulsive behaviors these "shoulds" can be important to identify and challenge. Theoretical Analysis of the Paradigms Which of the above paradigms is correct? There is no easy answer to that question; however, the most parsimonious answer is that all of the influences described by these paradigms play an important part in human behavior (Fava & Sonino, 2008)
In fact the opposite appears to be true: the comorbidity of depression, anxiety, etc. appears to result after significant abuse/addictive problems have occurred with the lone exception being personality disorders, but none of these predicted substance abuse problems better than the other (Grant et al
The current paper examines some of the aspects of each of the four remaining paradigms that this writer believes can be helpful in a group counseling approach to these issues and to forming a holistic approach to treatment. Theory Selection The Psychodynamic Model The psychodynamic paradigm was originated by Sigmund Freud and advanced by other famous psychologists, most from a clinical psychology or psychiatry background such as Carl Jung, Karen Horney, and Alfred Adler (Hall, Lindzey, & Campbell, 1998)
Behaviorists offer many different techniques that can applied to group counseling. Typically contingency management (CM) techniques are applicable behavioral for group counseling involved with addiction or compulsive behaviors (Higgins & Petry, 1999)
Sometimes dream analysis can be used if appropriate. Early psychoanalytic formulations of substance abuse and compulsive behaviors proposed that these behaviors stemmed from the unconscious self-destructive instincts of the id resulting in a "slow suicide" (Khantzian, 1980)
Sometimes dream analysis can be used if appropriate. Early psychoanalytic formulations of substance abuse and compulsive behaviors proposed that these behaviors stemmed from the unconscious self-destructive instincts of the id resulting in a "slow suicide" (Khantzian, 1980)
Motivation was then not also due to instincts or environmental pulls, but was also fueled by the need to become something more than a cog in a machine and a need to find deeper meanings to life and existence, something not well explained by the previous two paradigms. The humanistic paradigm was also extremely accomplished in the area of psychotherapy thanks to Carl Rogers being the first therapist to apply experimental methodologies to psychotherapy outcomes (Barry, 2002)
In addiction and compulsive behaviors these "shoulds" can be important to identify and challenge. Theoretical Analysis of the Paradigms Which of the above paradigms is correct? There is no easy answer to that question; however, the most parsimonious answer is that all of the influences described by these paradigms play an important part in human behavior (Fava & Sonino, 2008)
In fact the opposite appears to be true: the comorbidity of depression, anxiety, etc. appears to result after significant abuse/addictive problems have occurred with the lone exception being personality disorders, but none of these predicted substance abuse problems better than the other (Grant et al
The current paper examines some of the aspects of each of the four remaining paradigms that this writer believes can be helpful in a group counseling approach to these issues and to forming a holistic approach to treatment. Theory Selection The Psychodynamic Model The psychodynamic paradigm was originated by Sigmund Freud and advanced by other famous psychologists, most from a clinical psychology or psychiatry background such as Carl Jung, Karen Horney, and Alfred Adler (Hall, Lindzey, & Campbell, 1998)
Behaviorists offer many different techniques that can applied to group counseling. Typically contingency management (CM) techniques are applicable behavioral for group counseling involved with addiction or compulsive behaviors (Higgins & Petry, 1999)
Sometimes dream analysis can be used if appropriate. Early psychoanalytic formulations of substance abuse and compulsive behaviors proposed that these behaviors stemmed from the unconscious self-destructive instincts of the id resulting in a "slow suicide" (Khantzian, 1980)
Sometimes dream analysis can be used if appropriate. Early psychoanalytic formulations of substance abuse and compulsive behaviors proposed that these behaviors stemmed from the unconscious self-destructive instincts of the id resulting in a "slow suicide" (Khantzian, 1980)
Therefore, physical dependence, as in the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, is neither sufficient nor necessary to result in a diagnosis of an addiction (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Physical dependence is just a result of the overuse of certain drugs according to this view (McAuliffe & Gordon, 1980)
The specific paradigm used defines what methods, hypotheses, and explanations will be accepted in describing behavior. Thus, the same behavior can be explained differently depending of the core propositions of each paradigm (Mcleod, 2007)
This is an obvious advantage to the group counseling process whereas individuals learn, relate, and share from each other's experiences. Motivational interviewing (Miller & Rollnick, 2002) is an empirically supported cognitive behavioral treatment for addiction, substance abuse, and compulsive behaviors
The actual repressed idea is unrecognizable, it appears on the surface as compulsive behavior or addiction but it is distorted by psychological defense mechanisms. Compulsive behaviors and addiction were initially thought of as a compromises resulting from the conflict of a repressed idea and the defenses against that idea (Morgenstern & Leeds, 1996)
However, the use of behavioral techniques is enhanced significantly by including cognitive therapy techniques. The principles of motivational interviewing have been empirically supported as valid methods to treat addictions and compulsive behaviors and are compatible in CM individual and group sessions (Moyers & Martin, 2006)