v. Riles case in 1979 would hinge on the "overrepresentation of minority children in Educable Mentally Retarded classes in the San Francisco public schools" found to be "due to educational practices, including teacher bias" (Connor and Ferri 2005, 108)
Kelly writes to address the general question of ethical behavior in special education overall, noting that "the motives and ethics of many special education teachers are often suspect," due to the readily available federal funding which makes special education subject to the same political attacks and wild accusiations of socialism that adhere to any social welfare program for any disadvantaged group whatsoever. But he concludes that the profession requires a formal "operative code of ethics" to avoid disparities (Kelly 1979, 293)
However, they would like to receive subsidies to supplement their meager incomes, and the general public may be more willing to aid the retarded than the poor. (Rose-Ackerman 1982, 91)
In state after state, disproportionately high numbers of African-American children were misidentified for special education programs. (Talbert-Johnson 2001, 289) Talbert-Johnson seems to conclude here that it is the overall lower quality of services provided to minority groups such as African-Americans or Latinos that is to account for their additional sloppy service from special education professionals as well
In this way, the public (or in this case, Jane) can weigh any bias, prejudice or self-centered motivations the other team members may have in airing these complaints. According to Wallace, concealing the identity of the source material would be unethical (Enos, 1997; Johannesen, 2001)
Premeaux's study also included open ended questions regarding why managers responded the way they did which added depth to the study and substantiated his findings. Other ethicists conclude similarly that utilitarianism in its manifestations represent a major if not the most important ethical framework for business decision makers (Audi, 2009)
285). Moreover, recent corporate scandals in America such as Enron, Worldcom, and Martha Stewart have increased public concern for ethical business activities (Byrne, 2002)
Stakeholder theory provides a conceptual framework for understanding the relationships between various interests of the organization. It thus serves as a framework for organizations to understand their relationships with consumers if it can be established that they represent stakeholders whose interests and actions are critical for the sustainable success of the firm Ethical Theories Stakeholder theory is essentially normative in nature (Donaldson & Preston, 1995)
405). However, Stieb's charge is unsubstantiated by an examination of Freeman's own writing (Freeman & Phillips, 2002)
Interestingly, the level of interest regarding marketing ethics greatly increased during the 1980s and 1990s and corresponds to the general increased interest in business ethics as an academic discipline. As marketing developed and mastered the science and art of persuasion, ethical issues began to develop within the field of marketing which was answered by ethicists who integrated normative philosophical ethics and developing stakeholder theory (Hunt & Vitell, 2006)
). Their publication, Journal of Consumer Research, has often published articles which discussed the application of psychology for the purpose of understanding children and adolescent consumer behavior (Kramer, 2006)
Too much courage becomes rashness, not enough becomes cowardice. Ethics in Marketing Like business ethics, marketing ethics can trace its roots to ancient Greece with Aristotle and Cicero offering philosophical advice relating to marketing issues more than two thousand years ago (Nill & Schibrowsky, 2007)
Happiness according to Bentham and Mill consisted of pleasure and the absence of pain or those things which prevented pleasure. Mill later introduced the concept of quality to Bentham's equation arguing that not all pleasures are equal and some are of more value than another (Velasquez, 2006)
At which point, researchers can have trouble trying to determine how consent should be obtained and how it can apply to various mediums. (Berg, 2007) Confidentiality is another issue that all qualitative researchers must constantly grapple with
The benefits of using the triangulation method are: you can be able to maintain objectivity and improve accuracy. (Lofland, 2006) What are some of the sampling strategies you can use for qualitative field research? The different sampling strategies that could be used for qualitative research include: convenience samples, snowball samples, quota samples and purposive samples
The most suitable course of action for the regional chemical company would be to install the scrubber system though it's very costly. Currently, the solutions to most of the existing environmental issues and problems involve huge costs whose principal benefits are long-term (Ackerman & Gallagher, p
This is largely because of the need for the company to conduct itself in an ethical manner and the legal implications of other options. Companies can only use disclosed information about its competitor if it's not subject to confidentiality limitations or regarded as a trade secret (Millien par, 6)
From a legal perspective, this situation is covered by Uniform Trade Secrets Act, which contains various provisions on misappropriation and gathering information through improper means. According to the Act, misappropriation is obtaining trade secrets of a company's competitor or another business through a person who acquired it by improper means (Whipple par, 2)
Striking a balance between mandatoriness and arbitrariness actually proved to be exceptionally difficult, with a number of different Supreme Court decisions helping shape current laws. Though all death penalty states apply these rules in their own specialized manner, the modern imposition of the death penalty comes down to an examination of three special issues: the risk of future dangerousness; the defendant's culpability in the crime; and whether there are mitigating circumstances that argue against the imposition of the death penalty (Cunningham, 2006, p
2). Moreover, they suggest that this impairment is measured in three ways: subaverage intellectual functioning, limitations in adaptive functioning, and childhood onset (Ehrenreich & Fellner, 2001, Sec