Random drug-testing as seen in previous articles have led to suspensions and communication between law enforcement. The Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees that no state shall "deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property without due process of law" (Cambron-McCabe, 2009), allows for students procedural due process before they can be expelled or suspended
And their research on mandatory random student drug testing (MRSDT). " The goals of MRSDT are twofold: (i) deterring student substance use by providing students with a reason to decline peers' drug offers and (ii) identifying individual students with substance use problems for referral to appropriate counselling/treatment services" (Galea, 2013)
And their research on mandatory random student drug testing (MRSDT). " The goals of MRSDT are twofold: (i) deterring student substance use by providing students with a reason to decline peers' drug offers and (ii) identifying individual students with substance use problems for referral to appropriate counselling/treatment services" (Galea, 2013)
Information was gathered in spring 2005 from 1612 drug prevention coordinators in a "nationally representative sample of 1922 school districts (83.9% response rate), of which 205 districts reported SRDT in high school grades" (Ringwalt et al
Information was gathered in spring 2005 from 1612 drug prevention coordinators in a "nationally representative sample of 1922 school districts (83.9% response rate), of which 205 districts reported SRDT in high school grades" (Ringwalt et al
Ryan (2000), cases handled by the Supreme Court are examined in order to understand the rights of students in regards to policies. The literature goes on to state the Court has formed a body of rules that governs the constitutional rights that students (or their parents) "can legitimately assert against state and local education officials" (Ryan, 2000)
One legal writer notes, "Petitioners were ten women arrested after seeking obstetrical care in a public hospital, some after giving birth. The women were arrested because they had tested positive for cocaine and were therefore suspected of having distributed illegal drags to a minor, namely, their fetuses" (Colb)
They noted this is unreasonable search and goes against the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (Roubister)
S., Canada has aggressively pursued this program to ensure their union members are healthy and capable of delivering on the contracts delivered (Contant, 2008)
This has resulted in many companies seeing statistically significant reductions in work-related injuries as a result of their adherence to more thorough drug and alcohol screening (Spell, Blum, 2005). In industries that require intensive coordination and awareness to avert accidents and get work completed, the results in reduction of injuries and fatalities has also been significant (Gerber, Yacoubian, Jr
Considering the fact that construction is an industry highly correlated to the overall economy, and it becomes clear that concentrating on drug-free workplaces in this industry can mean the difference between their staying in business or not. Drug screening in the construction industry also includes post-accident testing as well, a technique found to significant reduce accidents over time (Morantz, Mas, 2008)
However drug testing has been in place since 1996 in many organizations. Usually they are seen as a violation of employee privacy as they may indicate drug or alcohol use during non-office hours (Shaw, 2007)
By the same token, it was left up to the individual to decide whether present day benefits outweighed possible future health effects -- personal responsibility was key. Industrialization led many to view the human body as a kind of machine, one that was liable to stresses and breakdowns, the pressures of modern life leading to the increasingly common complaint of "nervous breakdown" (Barke, Fribush & Stearns, 2000, p
The workplace would be rendered harmonious through the application of random -- and thus impartial -- drug tests. Random drug testing is viewed as an antidote to widespread absenteeism, and increased risks of harm and injury -- all potential drags on profit either directly or through their adverse affects on working conditions and relations between employees, and employees and management (Cann & De Belleroche, 2002, p
As drugs such as methamphetamines gain in popularity they are reported to be new scourges, responsible for all matter of social disorders. As always, the new drug is blamed for enormous economic losses -- in the case of methamphetamines the United States Department of Labor estimates an annual cost of 100 billion dollars (Davis & Hueller, 2006)
The "war" is justified based largely on notions of the deleterious effect of drugs on social, moral, and physical health. Drug use was portrayed as a personal problem, a defect within individual users, a disorder that deserved to be corrected through punitive measures, and by means of a campaign to demonize and ostracize individual users (Elwood, 1994, p
(Elwood, 1994, p. 11) The 1986 Anti- Drug Abuse Act was passed without any real cost-benefit analysis, its projected benefits deriving, in large measure, from its supposed ability to wipe out a wide range of social ills, one of which included the conclusions of a Reagan-appointed drug policy official, Carlton Turner, that marijuana use caused homosexuality (Gerber, 2004, p
Ullman (1961) and Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the United States Supreme Court found that a "general right to privacy" did in fact exist within the Constitution (Samuels, 2004, p
277). As of 2004, more than eighty percent of large companies performed some form of workplace drug testing, including the use of urinalysis, the testing of hair samples, and the use of standardized self-reporting instruments with biological markers regarded as the most objective and reliable according to a 1999 study by Goldberger and Jenkins (Strada & Donohue, 2004, p
People took pills and drank tonics and pick-me-ups. (Tracy & Acker, 2004, p