Hendra and Nipah viruses are closely linked in terms of henipah virus and originated with fruit bats, which are messy eaters. These bats usually hang upside down similar to Dracula that are bound tightly in their membranous wings as they eat fruit by chewing the pulp and then coughing up the seeds and juices (Robbins, 2012)
On an overall basis the vaccine is safe save for some tiny side effects like fever development, slight loss of appetite and possible development of rashes all over the body. The chances of babies developing complications from the vaccine is very low and but the risks from the diseases being vaccinated against are life threatening hence parents should be encouraged to take their children for immunization (Med, 2001) Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from one person to another an example of a communicable disease is Botulism which is a paralytic illness that is caused by nerve toxins produced by the bacteria clostridium botulinum
Communicable Disease/Community Nursing 2003 SARS Outbreak In November 2002, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was reported in the Guangdong Province in China (Lau and Peiris, 2005)
Over the next few months, SARS cases were reported in over two dozen countries in Asia, South America, Europe, and North America (CDC, 2004a). The biggest concentration of SARS cases appeared in Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Canada (Totura and Baric, 2012)
Further worsening of the disease led to multiple organ failure and then death. SARS Epidemiology Using retrospective serological analysis, the first index SARS case was traced to an adult male in Foshan, just west of Guangzhou (Zhao, 2007)
Out of all the 37, only 13 code for structural proteins. (Dunn, Cannon, Irwin & Carl, 2012) Most of the proteins that are coded for are actually complexes essential to the oxidative function in the mitochondria
(Botelho & Lupi, 2008) Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects about 2% of the above 60 population all over the world.(Licker et al
Out of all the theories presented about mitochondria, the fact that is linked to aging and death is a one that is accepted till now. (Mao et al
Since neurons have such a high demand for energy, they are prone to mitochondripathies. (Pienaar&Chinnery, 2012) The early therapeutic alterations were aimed to fix the dopaminergic system that was dysfunctioning and thus correcting the motor problems
(Schapira, 2012) Single Deletions Single deletions of mtDNA were the first genetic defects to be linked with human mitochondrial disorders. (Pitceathly, Rahman & Hanna, 2012) It was revealed that out of the patients diagnosed with mtDNA linked disease, single deletions were the causative agent behind 25% of all the diseases
Mitochondrial Diseases A gene is basically a one dimension sequence of nucleotides that signals for the production of a protein. (Reynaud, 2010) The protein itself is merely a sequence of amino acids arranged in a specific manner
There has been sound evidence of mitochondrial protein imbalance and disrupted mitophagy established in PD.(Santos&Cardoso 2012) 90-95% of the cases of PD are present without a genetic linkage and thus mitochondrial damage is one of the causative factors of the disease
Aging is a natural process and the senescence has been linked to processes like DNA methylation, telomerase shortening and the lastly the damage done by reactive oxygen species made by the mitochondria. (Schapira, 2012) The mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to production of ROS that damages cells like the neurons in Substantia Niagara in the brain and lead to diseases like Parkinson's
3 per million in both the control patients and the PD patients.(Smigrodzki, Parks & Parker, 2004) It was revealed that on average, at least one of the genome that codes for the Complex I has a mutation in it
Other ways of figuring out if someone has this disease is amniocentesis, chronic villus biopsy and polar body. (Taylor & Turnbull, 2005) When it comes to mitochondrial DNA, there is homoplasmy which means all the copies of the mitochondrial genome are the same
Even though one cannot readily predict that any certain gene will cause a mutation, mutated DNA can be manipulated and changing into wild-type mtDNa. (Yabuuchi et al
). One of the most common societal intervention measures in genetic diseases that is used worldwide including in the United States and the United Kingdom is genetic screening whose principle is based on the binding of a query to the DNA molecule of the individual being screened (Samem, n
Moreover, several interventions or applications continue to evolve in various parts of the globe in order to deal with the diseases. The ongoing evolution of these interventions originate from the fact that researchers continue to discover more regarding the role of genes in common disorders (Scacheri, n
The approach has been developed through examining diseases like deafness in dalmations, great dane, hip dysplasia in German shepard, lab retrievers, Newfoundland, and glaucoma FCR in canine pedigree breeds. As a new technology for designing programs to prevent genetic diseases, the epidemiological approach consists of methods that use all relationships within the pedigree and common environmental factors (Wood, Lakhani & Henley, 2004, p
Longer life expectancy has increased this time and also means that any children are likely to be themselves married and moved out by the time either husband or wife begins to deteriorate. The typical older family today consists only of the husband and wife, and approximately two-thirds of all aged persons are husband-wife couples living alone, most of whom maintain their own households (Cox, 1988)