. should written notes be made documenting the details of the confession" (Inbau, p
Many of the methods used by police to elicit confessions create a "wide range of behavioral and physiological disturbances" on the part of the suspect, "including inability to discern reality" (Gudjonsson, p 104), trance-like states where truth and falsehood become confused and the suspect begins to "obey" instructions and suggestions ordinarily rejected. In this upsetting and highly stressful atmosphere, the ability to elicit a voluntary confession may be undermined and the true story may be lost (Underwager, para
A Ponzi scheme can only be enacted by someone with intelligence and knowledge of the stock market. Therefore, the person has to abuse not the trust of unsuspecting individuals, but also the legitimate knowledge they possess of the stock market and investing (Markopolos 2010,-page 52)
He uses false investment returns to build up a reputation as a man who will increase their holdings and better their financial position. To do this, he or she will pay off the initial investor with their own money, thereby making it appear that the stocks the person chose have not only paid off handsomely, but have done so in a miraculously short period of time (Peck 2011,-page 5)
Jack traces the development of Willie Stark from neophyte to political powerhouse in a relatively short time span. This is a testament to the evolution of these two characters to exponentially increase their ability to engage in "Self-Deception" (Blair 39)
So how does this construct related to the main characters in "All the Kings Men"? Does either Jack or Willie engage in "Self Deception"? One would have to initially answer yes to this question given the very nature of politics. A closer examination reveals that Jack Burden experience most, if not all, of the elements defined as part of "self-deception" (Bloom)
Weighed down by the force of history, his family history, Jack ultimately rejects his roots and turns instead to embrace the debauchery that is prevalent within Willie Stark's band of not-so-merry men (Perkins 25). In order for Jack to operate within this paradigm, he must engage in a level of "self-deception" or de minimus "self-rejection" (Booth 118)
How can an individual construct two separate narratives that govern their daily existence? Is it possible for man to devise such a paradigm that allows man to function adequately in one while not forsaking the other? This introduces the concept of "forgetting." The ability to forget, especially something relevant to the individual, is the hallmark of demonstrating "Self-Deception" (Fingarette 48)
Information or in the case of Jack Burden, perceived realities of his present political situation is vital to the development of the construct that supports "Self-Deception." The maxim of "ignorance," of not being aware of the existence of specific information-is the crux, the fulcrum of a literary character establishing self-deceit (Fischer 132)
The question inevitably becomes, "What is done with this information?" Undoubtedly, information flows from the external environment. Once information is absorbed into the stream of consciousness it can be modified, transformed or even deleted (Frost 12)
Ultimately, Jack attributes his cynicism and his definition of the nature of man as being akin to a pig at the trough-each out to assert their own position and satisfy their own native desires as they penultimate reasons why he can justify his actions for Willie. Jack, after being in Willie's presence for a good deal of time, is able to reduce human morality to a series of involuntary neurological responses, a very stark "segregated reality" or maybe not even so segregated, this could be Jack's attitude towards humanity and therefore Jack could be changing how he perceives "information" and this could also foster how Jack perceives himself, his adaptation to this perception which ultimately leads him down the path of destructive behavior and further engagements in the actions that Governor Stark and his henchmen need enacted (Gire 1)
" The novel begins with a recounting of the incident where Jack and then Governor Stark are driving along a highway in Mason City. Jack, who at this point is narrating the story, explains how throngs of people showed up to welcome their beloved Governor to their corner of the world (Grimshaw 47)
As the narrative branches into the political events surrounding Governor Stark's administration it becomes clear that Jack is fully aware of the duality within which he operates and exists on a daily basis. Jack defines it as two distinct worlds; there is the state capital and then Burden's Landing -- the area of Louisiana that bears the name of Jack's ancestors (Gunn 76)
The preceding sections of the narrative entail Governor Stark's rise to power but they also shed critical light on the development of Jack's construct reality that lends itself quite well to the concept of "convenient ignorance." The description of the period wherein Willie Stark rose to political prominence factors in quite heavily to this analysis of "self-deception" (Mansfield 109)
A closer examination reveals that Jack Burden experience most, if not all, of the elements defined as part of "self-deception" (Bloom). Weighed down by the force of history, his family history, Jack ultimately rejects his roots and turns instead to embrace the debauchery that is prevalent within Willie Stark's band of not-so-merry men (Perkins 25)
" The ability to forget, especially something relevant to the individual, is the hallmark of demonstrating "Self-Deception" (Fingarette 48). Forgetting allows an individual to maintain consistency in thought and in deed (Steffen 10)
An individual seeks not only consistency but absolution for their actions related to certain degrees of behavior. Therefore, an individual will inevitably seek to create lucid- or at least what the individual considers lucid-justifications for their actions (Wegner 4)
For example, political campaigns often use argumentum ad hominem, argumentum ad populum, and glittering generalities. Argumentum ad hominem uses personal attack rather than addressing the political issue at hand; argumentum ad populum is manipulatively "stroking" the egos of the audience with complements that can serve as effective distractions from the truth (Cross, 2000)
) uses the example, "Mobil: the Detergent Gasoline." The tagline is fine, but for the fact that "any gasoline acts as a cleaning agent," (Schrank, n
This may include hostage takers, suicidal individuals, stalkers, and barricaded subjects (McMains & Mullins, 2010). As can be exemplified by James Harvey's case, the distress characterizing such incidents coupled with lack of full control over the situation may tempt law enforcers to engage in deceptive tactics aimed at diffusing tensions (Frances, 1995; Lakhani, 2007)