Deontological ethics dictates that people ought to act according to the set laws as a moral requirement without question. However, ontological ethics is based on the requirements of the deities (Braswell & McCarthy, 2008)
It is common knowledge that dishonesty exists among the potential sources of information that can lead to possible arrests for those engaging in criminal activities. The members of the public who might be privy of the crucial information relating to the criminals will chose to remain silent and uncooperative to the investigators in most instances (Long, Fox, & York, 2007)
They will eventually scrutinize every word that they hear. In order for the investigators to seize them, they have to employ sufficient lies (Ryberg, 2004)
He was told he should start telling the truth, and interrogated for nine hours. This is a tactic that is sometimes taken by officers, but it usually not carried to the extreme (Hartwig, et al
, 2006). In some cases, though, detectives can continue to interrogate a person to his or her breaking point, insisting that the person is lying and making an argument no matter what the alleged guilty party says (Morgan, et al
(2003), and numerous others reported in scientific literature (Stanovich, 2007) conclusively establishing the universality of human facial expressions and cues to deliberate deception and concealment of emotions and intent across all human cultures. Within the law enforcement community, behavioral and verbal cues have already provided tremendous usefulness in the area of the dynamic investigatory interview (Sandoval, 2008), written statements (Adams
Detection of Deliberate Deception Through Observation In that regard, Ekman introduced the fundamental concept of practical training of law enforcement and security professionals in distinguishing genuine facial expressions consistent with the true expression of inner emotional state and the absence of any deliberate attempt to conceal or misrepresent emotions or intentions from the manipulated or falsified expression of outward facial cues (Ekman, 2003; Ekman & O'Sullivan, 1999; Ekman & Frank, 1991). According to Ekman and others (DePaulo, Lindsay, & Malone, et al
Detection of Deliberate Deception Through Observation In that regard, Ekman introduced the fundamental concept of practical training of law enforcement and security professionals in distinguishing genuine facial expressions consistent with the true expression of inner emotional state and the absence of any deliberate attempt to conceal or misrepresent emotions or intentions from the manipulated or falsified expression of outward facial cues (Ekman, 2003; Ekman & O'Sullivan, 1999; Ekman & Frank, 1991). According to Ekman and others (DePaulo, Lindsay, & Malone, et al
e. constitutional) validity of employing facial recognition scanning techniques in public areas and high-value potential terrorist targets (Dershowitz, 2002)
Detecting Deception The Detection of Deliberate Concealment of Intentions and Deception Psychology professor Paul Ekman pioneered the use of facial expression recognition for the purpose of detecting deliberate deception. According to a large volume of work by Ekman dating back to 1974 (Ekman, 2001; 2003) as well as collaborative work in conjunction with O'Sullivan and Frank (1999; 1991), human facial expressions are reliable indicators of deliberate deceptive behavior
Detecting Deception The Detection of Deliberate Concealment of Intentions and Deception Psychology professor Paul Ekman pioneered the use of facial expression recognition for the purpose of detecting deliberate deception. According to a large volume of work by Ekman dating back to 1974 (Ekman, 2001; 2003) as well as collaborative work in conjunction with O'Sullivan and Frank (1999; 1991), human facial expressions are reliable indicators of deliberate deceptive behavior
Detecting Deception The Detection of Deliberate Concealment of Intentions and Deception Psychology professor Paul Ekman pioneered the use of facial expression recognition for the purpose of detecting deliberate deception. According to a large volume of work by Ekman dating back to 1974 (Ekman, 2001; 2003) as well as collaborative work in conjunction with O'Sullivan and Frank (1999; 1991), human facial expressions are reliable indicators of deliberate deceptive behavior
Detecting Deception The Detection of Deliberate Concealment of Intentions and Deception Psychology professor Paul Ekman pioneered the use of facial expression recognition for the purpose of detecting deliberate deception. According to a large volume of work by Ekman dating back to 1974 (Ekman, 2001; 2003) as well as collaborative work in conjunction with O'Sullivan and Frank (1999; 1991), human facial expressions are reliable indicators of deliberate deceptive behavior
intentionally created for the purpose of deception or concealment of contradictory emotions). Ekman and others (Frank & Feeley, 2003; Leach, a
Detection of Deliberate Deception Through Observation In that regard, Ekman introduced the fundamental concept of practical training of law enforcement and security professionals in distinguishing genuine facial expressions consistent with the true expression of inner emotional state and the absence of any deliberate attempt to conceal or misrepresent emotions or intentions from the manipulated or falsified expression of outward facial cues (Ekman, 2003; Ekman & O'Sullivan, 1999; Ekman & Frank, 1991). According to Ekman and others (DePaulo, Lindsay, & Malone, et al
According to psychologists and anthropologists, human beings naturally evolved both universal facial expressions as well as the ability to deliberately conceal their emotions, especially fear (Ekman, 2003; Stanovich, 2007), through natural selection. Furthermore, a minority of individuals are naturally much better than others at concealing their true emotions and reactions to external circumstances (Mann, Vrij, & Bull, 2002); likewise, a minority of individuals are much better at recognizing deception through the observation of facial features although in most cases, they are not at all consciously aware of how they do so (Park, Levine, & McCornack, et al
According to psychologists and anthropologists, human beings naturally evolved both universal facial expressions as well as the ability to deliberately conceal their emotions, especially fear (Ekman, 2003; Stanovich, 2007), through natural selection. Furthermore, a minority of individuals are naturally much better than others at concealing their true emotions and reactions to external circumstances (Mann, Vrij, & Bull, 2002); likewise, a minority of individuals are much better at recognizing deception through the observation of facial features although in most cases, they are not at all consciously aware of how they do so (Park, Levine, & McCornack, et al
S. Secret Service (USSS) agency domestically, and by various Israeli security services, such as those responsible for screening airline passengers through dynamic interviews (Safir, 2003)
(2003), and numerous others reported in scientific literature (Stanovich, 2007) conclusively establishing the universality of human facial expressions and cues to deliberate deception and concealment of emotions and intent across all human cultures. Within the law enforcement community, behavioral and verbal cues have already provided tremendous usefulness in the area of the dynamic investigatory interview (Sandoval, 2008), written statements (Adams, 2002), and the comprehensive forensic analysis of both written and recorded statements (Adams
The potential value of practical security applications of Ekman's principles and techniques in the contemporary climate of global terrorism and counterterrorism efforts is difficult to overestimate, particularly in light of contemporaneous evidence by Ekman, O'Sullivan, & Frank (1991), DePaulo, Lindsay, & Malone, et al. (2003), and numerous others reported in scientific literature (Stanovich, 2007) conclusively establishing the universality of human facial expressions and cues to deliberate deception and concealment of emotions and intent across all human cultures