Research reveals that those who kill white victims are much more likely to receive the death penalty than those who kill black victims. One study found that for similar crimes committed by similar defendants, blacks received the death penalty at a 38% higher rate than all others (Dieter, 1998)
Rawls claims that this phenomenon requires that a set of social principles be established to ensure justice so that the advantaged do not unfairly gain by their position. He goes on to say that these principles must be chosen "behind a veil of ignorance" so that "no one is advantaged or disadvantaged in the choice of principles by the outcome of natural chance or the contingency of social circumstances" (Rawls, 1971)
Police chiefs rank the death penalty last as a way of reducing violent crime, placing it behind curbing drug abuse, more police officers on the streets, lowering the technical barriers to prosecution, longer sentences, and a better economy with more jobs. Continuum of Moral Justification for Taking a Human Life There are many circumstances to be considered when examining the moral and ethical issues surrounding the taking of human life (Thiroux & Krasemann, 2008)
Since then the death penalty has almost always been a part of the criminal justice system ("History of the Death Penalty & Recent Developments," 2000). Proponents of capital punishment argue five purposes for its use, to remove from society someone who would cause more harm, someone who is incapable of rehabilitation, to deter others from committing murder, to punish the criminal, and to take retribution on behalf of the victim (White, 2011)
The most appropriate theory of punishment in this case is the just deserts theory, which is retrospective instead of being prospective. Through this theory the punisher does not need to focus on the future outcomes but on providing punishment that is suitable to the harm cause on the prominent person in the community (Carlsmith & Darley, 2002)
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that an individual should not be forced to testify in any criminal proceeding against him or her. Consequently, a defendant has the right not to testify at a criminal proceeding, especially if such an action could implicate him/her in the offense (Gaines & Miller, 2008)
As a result, the responsibility of the prosecutor differs slightly from that of normal advocates since they seek justice instead of simply convicting an individual. Some of the ethical requirements underlying this precept are the need for prosecutors to disclose to the defense of available evidence, the need not to avoid pursuit of evidence, and use of self-control in discretionary exercise of the powers of the government (Wechsler, 2008)
Coercion Power: this leads into the negative use of power, as the word "coercion" carries with in a connotation of abusiveness. In this form of power a person uses his or her ability to influence others through "…threats, punishments or sanction" (Merchant, 2014)
A person in a police unit has had previous special tactical training in Navy SEALS work, and is called upon to help train SWAT teams, has expert power in that area. Charisma Power: Charisma is not something a person necessarily has as a natural ability; it is "half-acquired" and "half inborn," but it reflects a quality that charms people and allows the charismatic individual to "connect with others in a visceral, direct way" (Varghese, 2010)
Leadership Skills In the book by Michael Carpenter and Roger Fulton (A Practical Career Guide for Criminal Justice Professionals) offers practical advice to those who would serve the community in a criminal justice capacity. Being a leader entails a great deal more than being "the boss," Carpenter explains (Carpenter, et al
And Roberts asserts that in the United States, there is currently a crisis of confidence in the criminal justice system. He references a survey taken in 2007 in which "…more than four out of five respondents favoured the idea of 'totally revamping the way that the [criminal justice] system works'" (Roberts, 2007, p
Other leader characteristics include personal energy, loyalty, tact, and humility (Carpenter, 55). Ethics and Virtue in Criminal Justice Leadership Author Sam Souryal quotes from a James Madison writing in the 51st Federalist Paper: "If men were angels no government would be necessary, [and] if angels were to govern men neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary" (Souryal, 2010, p
Professor Kevin N. Wright of the State University of New York (Binghamton) believes that part of the problem when criminal justice professionals use unethical strategies is simply due to "…the fallibility of human beings" (Wright, 1999)
Policing in a Post-Stop-n-Frisk Era The former and now new police commissioner of the New York Police Department, William J. Bratton, has been tasked with keeping crime rates low following federal court mandates to stop the policing practice of stop-n-frisk (Goldstein, 2014)
Racial discrimination in the American justice system began in 1619, when the first slave ship carrying African slave arrived in the new world. The slaves were treated as objects and not human beings and to manage these objects slave codes or laws were put in place (Ingram, 2009)
Defend your answer with research. In criminal justice, ethics and morals determine the standard of fairness by enabling professionals to; i) develop the reasoning abilities and analytical skills needed for the execution of their duties, ii) recognize the moral principles and ethical consequences of an action, iii) adequately make decisions involving due process, force, and discretion, iv) make adequate decisions regarding deterrence and rehabilitation, and v) effectively engage in criminal justice research (Williams & Arrigo, 2011)
Technology, for instance, is changing regularly and rapidly. How to budget for technology, which technologies to invest in, and which departments to favor, are all political decisions that can have a strong bearing on the success of the team (Batts, Smoot & Scrivner, 2012)
Criminal Justice Leadership in criminal justice or private security organizations requires special skills, and presents unique challenges. The most important attributes for leaders in any criminal justice or security organization include integrity, trustworthiness, competence, swiftness in decision making, ability to be humble, and also the ability to be courageous (McCallum, n
There are also specific issues that present significant challenges to leaders in criminal justice. For example, budget deficits and constraints will continually plague the ability of leaders in criminal justice to do what they feel or even know is best (Wickman, Mahoney & Borakove, n
¶ … criminal justice system just like any other organization utilizes leadership and management theories to guide its operations (Stojkovic, Klofas, Kalinich,2011)