There were also several incidences of the security, executive and judicial personnel overstepped their limits, authority, and orders and abused power assigned to them (Michel, 2014). In order to evade questions on impropriety, the police removed directions to the police stations and made it difficult to gain information of its personnel who were being investigated or against whom charges had been leveled (Barkow, 2008)
The corruption, inefficiency, and excesses start spinning out of control of the principals, the political class. Now, that is something that the political class should not understand as a personal assault (Barzelay 1992)
The legal professionals often have to be paid to be persuaded to defend cases. (Camp Keith, Tate & Poe, 2009)
, Jreisat 2002). Bureaucracies have been accused of being rigid and not amenable to change, or at least take too long to change (Crozier (1964)
He can call upon the Commissioner to report proceedings in any criminal matter as he deem fit of intervention (BAR Human Rights Committee of England and Wales, 2010). A theoretical foundation for the causes specified above Bureaucratic behavior, its actions and interactions, within its own set-up or as an interaction with political world in its immediate surroundings has always been evaluated as either an interest in organizational matters or its evolution by its interactions (Gaus, 1947)
The political class by way of salaries, appointments, privileges, and career of the judiciary and executive seek to extend their control over the citizenry. The resistance of the agents to such control is shown in the form of misinformation or withholding information to the principals (Jackson 1983; Miller 2005), in present context the political class
However, Mozambican Legal Aid Institute, a government aided body is now expanding its horizon's and rural folk have a better chance of getting free legal defense and better grasp of the legal machinations as well as their rights (Seleti, 2000). Zimbabwe accepted the strictures of Victims of Crime as proclaimed in the Declaration of the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (UN, 1985), as: "Persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member States including those laws prescribing criminal abuse of power (Jusa, n
The right to information about government activities and procedures does not exist in Zimbabwe. The government however infringes on the privacy of the citizenry and all appeals against such acts have evoked no response (Kim, 2012; U
The inmates are forced to fend for themselves when a medical need arises. The inmates, who can, have to buy their own medicines (Langer, 2011)
Introducing the puzzle and the case studies The puzzle that is then being attempted is: Systems that hold the police and judicial functionaries accountable for transgressions are not providing desired results. Proper pursuance of human rights violations against those in the judiciary and executive is conspicuous by its absence (Michel, 2014: Barkow, 2008)
Hayek (1994) in his book the Road to Serfdom elaborates that the threat that bureaucracy carries with its elaborate planning may lead to totalitarian society ultimately with powers vested in the upper echelons. The bureaucracy also confers upon itself all the powers and skills to run the government (Mills, 2000) and leaves little else for the society to achieve
That makes cleansing the system difficult and easier to manipulate by police officials and political influence. Even when judges with integrity form the courage to act in the best interests of the citizenry on the right side of law, they face the threat of intimidation and they have no protection against such incidents from the government (Murithi, T
A theoretical foundation for the causes specified above Bureaucratic behavior, its actions and interactions, within its own set-up or as an interaction with political world in its immediate surroundings has always been evaluated as either an interest in organizational matters or its evolution by its interactions (Gaus, 1947). The origins or causation of bureaucracy is not visited in these precincts, as was the case with Crozier, 1964 (O'Connor, 2013)
It is thought that the replaced Constitutional Council accorded too much of free hand to the police department. Civil society organizations begun work on filing cases but were inadequately trained in legal matters and the Judges found them inadmissible on grounds of lack of substantial evidence (Seleti, 2000)
Counterfeiting, for instance, is a major operation around the globe and much of it has roots in China, where counterfeiters are able to create knock-offs of luxury brand products and ship them to retailers around the globe. In recent years, China has undertaken some measures within its own criminal justice system to address the issue of counterfeiting within its borders, as major multinationals have stepped up complaints about their intellectual property being stolen, manipulated, and reproduced without their consent (Baksi, 2015)
However, corporations like Facebook, Google and Twitter are working together with nations to help to stop the reach of ISIS by blocking terror-friendly users, who seek to spread hate and hate speech on social media (BBC, 2015). This has allowed criminal justice systems within Europe to call off their "probes" into these social media companies, which it identified earlier as facilitators of terrorism (Smith, 2016)
Yet, criminal justice systems can only do so much, as protecting intellectual property is not as easy as corporations would like it to be. Brand identity can easily be stolen and used by counterfeiters and courts have been reluctant to punish (Sorin, 2015)
" Today in the United States, "[i]n place of 'all,' a more accurate term to describe the use of jury trial in the discharge of our criminal caseload would be 'virtually none.'" Thus, "our guarantee of routine criminal trial is a fraud" (Langbein, 2000: 26)