37). Indeed, the universality of pain makes it easier for counselors to better understand how a disability affects an individual's worldview and how the disability detracts from a lifestyle, especially if a disability was incurred later in life where before-and-after comparisons plague the consciousness of people (Stuntzer, 2014)
7). Although all disabled clients' situations are unique, there are some common features that characterize the disabled in the United States, including lower educational and income levels compared to mainstream American society (Swank & Huber, 2013)
It is also important to note that the life experiences of people that have disabilities differ according to age and when the disability was acquired (Beecher & Rabe, 2007). Students with learning disabilities in particular represent a large segment of American society that counselors are increasingly encountering in their practice (Thompson & Littrell, 2009)
Moreover, just 2% of all tenured women in higher education are Latinas, and only 3% of all women in American graduate schools are Latinas (Hernandez & Morales, 2009). Some educationists argue that the education system in the United States structurally disadvantages Latinas from the outset, with most Latinas being regarded by American educators as being "submissive underachievers" (Vives, 2008, p
Census Bureau reported that as of the last census (2010), there were nearly 3 million children in the United States with disabilities and current projections indicate that there will be 3.5 million children with disability by 2030 (Waldman & Perlman, 2013)
Therapeutic Progress and Success I would focus first on mitigating the substance abuse issues. The efficacy of cognitive -- behavioral treatment for substance abuse is contingent on changing clients' attitudes, beliefs, and expectancies (Davis, Ottawa, & Moser, 2014)
The efficacy of cognitive -- behavioral treatment for substance abuse is contingent on changing clients' attitudes, beliefs, and expectancies (Davis, Ottawa, & Moser, 2014). One study defines success in terms of harm reduction to adhere to notions of 'any positive change,' client centeredness, and low-threshold services; the participants reported changes in demarginalization, engagement in the program, quality of life, social functioning, changes in substance use, and changes in future goals and plans which all seem like good criteria to rate success (Lee & Zerai, 2010)
Being a single mother of three can put a lot of pressure on an individual in the role as a parent. Results of one study confirmed relationships between needs and money attitudes; specifically, all of Maslow's needs appear to be strongly related to the money attitudes of evaluation and anxiety and men's and women's needs are highly correlated with obsession, budget, anxiety and particularly evaluation (Oleson, 2004)
" That is because "good teachers" can infuse lessons with various learning formats, and they know "when to move from the teacher-pupil relationship to the mentor relationship, to the experiential learning stance, to the authoritative stance." Introduction to Holloway's Systems Approach Model (SAS) In the book, Clinical Supervision: A Systems Approach (Holloway, 1995), the author lays out the fact that because "supervision is among the most complex of all activities associated with the practice of psychology
The Level One supervisee focuses mostly on "self,' is very eager to become a good worker, and is very dependent on the supervisor. A Level Two supervisee becomes so attuned on "other" that every client becomes so extraordinarily unique that the supervisee may resist "any suggestions from the supervisor that general principles may apply to this particular person" (Stoltenberg, et al
" In the codes of the British Association for Counselling, there is a "minimum of an hour and a half a month for supervision" for all counselors. And according to Supervising Counsellors: Issues of Responsibility (Wheeler, et al
Accepting the loss- this comes in after contemplation for sometime hence accepts that the departure of the beloved one. Prolonged grieving -- there are those who can go on mourning and grieving over a long period and this is expected ion the sessions (American Cancer Society, 2014)
Expression of honor- the individual may have not been very close to the departed individual but could have been a public figure that he held with great respect hence when sharing the memories may express the great honor that he has for the individual. Expression of hate -- this is a possibility in a situation where the individual who is giving an account of the deceased and may have not been in good terms with the individual hence may show contempt or hate for the individual, this is yet another frequent outcome (Johnson J., 2010)
Fear of what the patient may say-this is mainly in situations of terminally ill patients who are on their death bed and the loved ones come to see him for the last time. Counsellors often know how to guide people in saying these goodbyes since the patient may be offended at some content (Peck and Stephanics, 1987)
Recovery -- this is normally the desired final stage of an individual who has learned of the grief that they face. It is a stage where the individual accepts the loss and puts on the positive energy to try and make his life regain the ground as it was there before (Stroebe M., at
, Lerner, 1978, 1986, in press). Most importantly, in explaining the nature of the relationship between individual and context, (Vondracek, 1990, p
In addition to the developmental-contextual theory there are also at least two issues within the short biography of this client that will need special attention from gender specific career development and also specific understanding of domestic violence recovery as an aspect of the special needs of this client. (Whiston
In addition to the developmental-contextual theory there are also at least two issues within the short biography of this client that will need special attention from gender specific career development and also specific understanding of domestic violence recovery as an aspect of the special needs of this client. (Whiston & Bouwkam, 2003, 59-75) (Chronister, Wettersten & Brown, 2004, 900-922) In Ethical Implications of Career Assessment With Women, (Whiston & Bouwkam, 2003, 59-75) researchers outline the special needs of women in career assessment, taking into consideration the realistic issues of conflict women often face in career development, such as their special role as a mother and the restrictions this may put on their time and the need for assessing the ability of the individuals support system to allow for career growth and development, a common problem for women
Much of the historical rationale for developing competencies have centered around the notion that the population will continue to be multicultural and that counseling interventions need to be developed that adequately address the diversity and special needs of minority populations, including disabled patients (Thomas & Weinrach, 2002). By nature counseling as a profession historically has been required to provide services aimed "at assisting people with physical, sensory, emotional and intellectual disabilities" in order to help them achieve "economic and psychological dependence" (Cook, 2000)
Perspectives in Counseling Kim & Lyons (2003) point out that a growing number of ethnic, disabled and racial minorities in the United States in recent years has necessitated increased attention in the field of counseling toward the unique needs of minorities. In addition research findings tend to conclude that minorities whether ethnic, racial or disabled tend to generally underutilize counseling or at minimum prematurely terminate their counseling services (Kim & Lyons, 2003)