It also allows to evaluate the whole child and not just the test scores. And as the article on performance assessment states: "Establishes a framework for observing children that is consistent with the principles of child development" (Meisels)
Vaccine -- Pros and Cons Vaccines: The Pros and Cons There are a number of arguments being made about vaccines, and whether they are safe and effective for infants and toddlers. Those who believe in them address the issue of disease prevention, while those who are against them state that vaccines are dangerous and that they cause health problems like autism (Elliman & Bedford, 2004)
The Case for Vaccination Parents who believe that the CDC schedule for vaccination of infants and toddlers should be followed make a persuasive argument. The main point on which they focus is that vaccines save lives (Herlihy, Hagood, & Offit, 2012)
They find doctors who support a lack of vaccination, or they work with more holistic medical practitioners. There are a number of ways a parent can avoid vaccinating his or her children, since the vaccination schedule created by the CDC cannot be legally forced upon a parent or a child (Largent, 2012)
As mentioned above, a number of neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in ASD. Accordingly, drugs known to specifically target a neurotransmitter system have proven beneficial in reducing ASD symptomology (Benvenuto, Battan, Profirio, & Curatolo, 2013)
Such standards are typically based on positive systematic reviews conducted by disinterested researchers, but in 2011 no such publication existed. A recent systematic review of ASD screening methodologies revealed a lack of well-controlled studies showing ASD screening reduced the age of diagnosis (Daniels, Halladay, Shih, Elder, & Dawson, 2014), which would support Campos-Outcalt's (2011) position; however, this argument is flawed
A portion of the increase can be explained by greater clinician awareness, better screening methods, and the inclusion of the milder forms of ASD. ASD Etiology The suspected causes of ASD are quite numerous and include both heritable and environmental toxins, but all causes lead to neurobiological deficits (Gadad, Hewitson, Young, & German, 2013; Roberts et al
To better understand this debate and other controversies surrounding ASD this essay will discuss symptoms, suspected and known etiology, recommended screening strategies, diagnostic criteria, and the interventions currently being utilized. Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism is not a single condition or syndrome, but an umbrella term for a variety of child neurological impairments with varying degrees of severity (Leonard et al
The diagnostic criteria for ASD are less controversial than whether children should be screened for ASD. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends routine screening of children for ASD symptoms at 9, 18, 24, and 30 months of age, with the hope of an early diagnosis, intervention, and improved outcome (Lipkin & Hyman, 2011)
4). The expansion of the definition of autism to include the various neurological conditions afflicting children and adults has contributed to rapidly increasing prevalence estimates for this disorder (Rice, 2011)
A recent systematic review of ASD screening methodologies revealed a lack of well-controlled studies showing ASD screening reduced the age of diagnosis (Daniels, Halladay, Shih, Elder, & Dawson, 2014), which would support Campos-Outcalt's (2011) position; however, this argument is flawed. For example, the risk magnitude for ischemic heart disease has been used in the past to justify the use of statin drugs, with moderate and severe risk patients being treated, but a recent randomized, controlled trial revealed this simple risk model is sorely inadequate and statin use could benefit low-risk patients as well (Ridker & Wilson, 2013)
Two approaches that have seen significant results involve teaching sharing, eye contact, and touching as forms of social behavior and the second involves educating and using peers to initiate interactions with the autistic children. (McEvoy et al
There are exceptions to all social rules; in fact, even the social rules mentioned above aren't always followed.(Williams, 2010) Parents must encourage the autistic child into expressing themselves without feeling they rules of the average person apply to them
It is important to note, however, that there is fairly clearly some genetic element to the condition as identical twins are much more likely to share the condition than either fraternal twins or siblings (Ho, Todd, & Constantino, 2005). Most children with autism lack social support, meaningful relationships, future employment opportunities or self-determination (Burgess & Gutstein, 2007)
5 per 1000.) However, there are inadequate data for researchers and medical professionals to be certain as to the actual frequency and so the true incidence may not much higher (Fombonne, 2009)
Scholars universally acknowledge that no cure is known" (Levy, Mandell, & Schultz, 2009; Sacks, 1995). However, "children recover occasionally, so that they lose their diagnosis of ASD; sometimes after intensive treatment and sometimes not" (Helt, Kelley, & Kinsbourne, 2008)
The reason for this assumption is that any aspect of health that changes as quickly as the incidence of autism has must be environmental since the environment can change this quickly but the human genome cannot. It is important to note, however, that there is fairly clearly some genetic element to the condition as identical twins are much more likely to share the condition than either fraternal twins or siblings (Ho, Todd, & Constantino, 2005)
There is controversy within the world of autism treatment about whether children can recover or grow out of the condition or if those who are initially diagnosed with autism and later assessed as not having it were have in fact recovered or if they were misdiagnosed to begin with. Scholars universally acknowledge that no cure is known" (Levy, Mandell, & Schultz, 2009; Sacks, 1995)
S. study found a 14% average loss of annual income in families of children with ASD, (Montes
S. study found a 14% average loss of annual income in families of children with ASD, (Montes