For instance, lack of cooperation from the target population and the community members will affect the process negatively. The fact that the study uses aboriginal community increases the risks of challenges such as a language barrier that affect the effective coordination of the program (Churchill et al
Similarly, if a survey conducted in the village after a specific duration shows a positive change in attitude and behavior of the members of the community, then, it will be considered a success. In addition, if the positive outcomes of the project outweighs the previously witnessed events, the project will be evaluated a success (Eisikovits & Winstok, 2001)
While most of the interventions adopted by most governments have focused on the general strategies for eliminating family violence in aboriginal communities, limited knowledge is known on the effective interventions for eliminating family violence against children from aboriginal communities. Similarly, empirical analysis shows that, significant researches conducted in the past have majorly focused on the effective secondary approaches applicable in preventing family violence against women of aboriginal communities, leaving behind the children who are vulnerable to its effects (Ellsberg & Heise, 2002)
While most of the interventions adopted by most governments have focused on the general strategies for eliminating family violence in aboriginal communities, limited knowledge is known on the effective interventions for eliminating family violence against children from aboriginal communities. Similarly, empirical analysis shows that, significant researches conducted in the past have majorly focused on the effective secondary approaches applicable in preventing family violence against women of aboriginal communities, leaving behind the children who are vulnerable to its effects (Ellsberg & Heise, 2002)
While primary and tertiary interventions focus on the elimination of the risk factors and providing care to affected after the occurrence of the violence, primary intervention focuses on the identification and elimination of the risk factors causing the problem. It is apparent that children in aboriginal community X are suffering from the effects of family violence (Labott & Johnson, 2004)
As stated by Kassam-Adams & Newman (2005), theoretical approaches of secondary intervention such as creation of awareness using educational methods, facilitation of behavioral change, and reducing the exposure of the community members make the approach effective for the study. In addition, the close association between family violence against children in aboriginal communities and substance and drug abuse makes the use of secondary intervention more effective due to the existence of a social problem (Langford, 2000)
Among the general and specific objectives of this research, include; General objectives a) To identify the forms of family violence that face the children from aboriginal communities in Australia b) To identify the factors that contribute to family violence against children in Australia c) To identify social determinants that play a key role in contributing to family violence against children in aboriginal communities in Australia d) To identify the effects of family violence on children from aboriginal communities in Australia e) To develop the most effective intervention (s) applicable in preventing future occurrence of family violence against children in aboriginal communities in Australia f) To identify the elements of effective family violence prevention programs that can be used to eradicate the incidences of family violence against children Specific objectives a) To identify the forms of family violence that affect children in aboriginal community X b) To identify the factors contributing to family violence to children in community X c) To identify the effects of family violence on children from aboriginal community X d) To identify the efficacy of interventions adopted for preventing the occurrence of family violence against children in aboriginal community X e) To identify the elements of secondary intervention that makes it effective in preventing and eradicating the occurrence of family-based violence against children in community X Target group to receive the intervention Family violence appears to be at a high rate in most of the aboriginal communities not only in Australia, but also in other parts of the world. The increasing rates of family violence have prompted most states to embrace the need for the adoption of strategies that aim at gaining understanding of the extent of the violence and effective interventions adoptable to reduce the incidence (Mahoney, 2005)
Furthermore, Fontes (2004) shows the need for the creation of awareness of the risks involved within and outside the environment of the research for effective and safe relationship with the study group. Arising ethical constraints can be managed by adopting the use of collaborative strategies that aim at involving all the stakeholders in the process alongside creating awareness to the study population (McCrady & Bux, 1999)
The wholesaler builds the cost of that tax into retail pricing plans (Commonwealth of Australia, 2004). Australia embarked on a major restructuring of its economy in the 1980's (USDOE, 2004) after experience severe inflation (Stevens, 2003)
vii). The age-linked victimization patterns for Indigenous groups relate closely to those of non-Indigenous communities, but are shifted slightly to younger ages due to the group's lower age profile attributable to poor health outcomes (Ypinazar et al
, the social forms and institutions have come from the United States, Ireland, Ukraine and elsewhere. (Cross, "Social History," the Canadian Encyclopedia, 2004) Canada, officially, is a mosaic rather than a melting-pot culture, and a stroll through a Canadian Chinatown will yield sign after sign only in Chinese characters
There are five main climatic regions in the southern populated area of Canada: East Coast, Great Lakes, Prairies, Cordilleran and West Coast, all of which tend to be colder than the United States, although to very different degrees. (Sanderson, "Climate," the Canadian Encyclopedia, 2004) Thus, in contrast to Canada, Australia's relative warmth may be seen as its greatest advantage
Each region gave rise to distinctive building forms that "reflected these conditions, as well as the available building materials, means of livelihood, and social and spiritual values of the resident peoples." (Kalman & Mills, "Native Architecture," the Canadian Encyclopedia, 2004) Thus, Canada and Australia presents some particular problems for the social historian, since it is such a complex mosaic of ethnic groups, cultures, traditions and institutions
1), "pumpkin tripling from $1.50 to $6 a kilo, and pineapple doubling from $28 to $56 a box" (Dagwell, Todd
He thought the job attitudes expressed in the surveys could be used to understand specific attitudes within cultures. So, he began to work on a framework that would allow him and other researchers to distinguish between cultural dimensions and values that can affect "thinking, organizations, and institutions in predictable ways" (Blodgett, Bakir, & Rose, 2008, p
In his framework, Hofstede came up with four cultural dimensions that would characterize a nation. He defines culture as "the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from those of another" (Hofstede, 1984, p
In his framework, Hofstede came up with four cultural dimensions that would characterize a nation. He defines culture as "the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from those of another" (Hofstede, 1984, p
1% of the time, suggesting that the power distance dimension is probably more accurate than others. The most scathing criticism of Hofstede's framework came from Brendan McSweeney, describing Hofstede's analysis "a triumph of faith and a failure of analysis" (McSweeney, 2002a)
1% of the time, suggesting that the power distance dimension is probably more accurate than others. The most scathing criticism of Hofstede's framework came from Brendan McSweeney, describing Hofstede's analysis "a triumph of faith and a failure of analysis" (McSweeney, 2002a)
In cultures with higher levels of power distance, less powerful persons are reluctant to challenge the authority of those in power; while in societies with less power distance, less powerful persons tend to be assertive with their superiors (ibid). The power distance index is based on three items: percentage of those who consider consultative leadership as the ideal form leadership, percentage of those who prefer directive or autocratic leadership, and mean response to "how often subordinates are afraid to express disagreement" (Merritt, 2000, p