(Franz, 2009, paraphrased) Determinations for inmates to take part in the drug abuse treatment program include: (1) evidence in the Pre-Sentencing Investigation (PSI) that alcohol or other drug contributed to the commission on the offense; (2) alcohol or drug use was a reason for the crime or violation of the supervised release; and (3) the sentencing judge recommended the inmates for a drug education program while incarcerated. (Frantz, 2009, p
vi) It is reported that RSAT grants may be used to "implement or expand treatment programs for inmates in residential treatment facilities operated by State and local correctional agencies that provide individual and group treatment activities for inmates." (Harrison, nd, p
5 million fractures annually, it is important for patients to measure bone mineral density. The diagnosis of the condition should be made before the initial fracture takes place, since once a fracture occurs in osteoporosis the risk of another fracture is relatively high (Richmond, 2003, p
The results of the bone density examination are usually expressed in the form of either a T score or a Z score. While the T scores reflect numbers that compare the condition of a patient's bones with those of an average young individual with healthy bones, the Z scores are numbers that compare the condition of a patient's bones with those of an average individual his/her age (Kleerekoper, Rosen, Mulder & Villalba, 2013)
In many cases, medical treatment is unnecessary as they are temporary (Mayo Clinic Staff). Hypertension Blood pressure is considered high when the reading is 140/90 or more (Makoff, 2012)
). Recent evidence suggests fluoxetine as the only USFDA-approved selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor or SSRI for BN in adolescents and pre-adolescent persons (Blake & Rich, 2008)
The combination, therefore, was found to produce limited advantage due to the varied sampling and methodology. Future research should focus on predictors of response and clinical components (Dubicka et al
Results yielded no evidence of efficacy of combined CBT and SSRIs with routine clinical care on short-term as contributing to improvement by 28 weeks for the respondents. This was in comparison with routine clinical care and SSRI alone (Goodyer et al
Other drugs are citalopram or escitalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, and venlafaxine (Blake & Rich). Relevance to Clinical Care and Nursing The increase of BN incidence and prevalence among adolescents and pre-menarchial adolescents are specifically alarming to the health care profession (Grange et al
The combination is even more effective when psychotherapy is added. Remission rates were low but long-term follow-up data were limited (Hall et al
The team found 17 interventions for BN. Summary of results showed that up to 1% of young women, who are body conscious, develop BN; they were of normal weight; half of them would have fully recover in 10 years' time; CBT alone could produce improvement compared with no treatment; CBT is comparably effective as other treatment in reducing symptoms; the efficacy of other psychological therapies remained unknown; and some SSRIs can work against symptoms better than can placebos (Hay et al
Of the 7 who confirm the benefits of CBT, 5 agree that the combination of CBT and SSRIs is the best treatment for BN. Recommendation CBT has been described as a talking therapy, which endeavors to solve emotional or behavioral problems and behaviors through a systematic approach (Osterhout, 2012)
The results showed that fluoxetine with CBT appeared to be similarly safe and effective for depression in participants with substance use disorder and those depressed but not into substance use. The researchers surmised that CBT may have produced the higher-then-expected response and thus blur the efficacy result (Riggs et al
Results showed that CBT-guided self-care had a slight advantage over family therapy. It induced faster reduction of bingeing, cost less and was more acceptable to adolescents with BN (Schmidt et al
Data drawn from the meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials offered the best evidence for CBT in treating children and adolescents with generalized mental disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic disorder. There is limited evidence in efficacy for ADHD and other antisocial behavior, psychotic and related disorders, substance misuse, self-harm behavior and eating disorders (Solomando et al
The combination appeared superior to either in treating depression, which frequently accompanies BN. This is level-1 evidence, which can be generalized for depression (TADS Team)
The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale yielded a similarly high pattern of response, particularly for the combination therapy. Other symptoms associated with CBT, such as insomnia, fatigue, sedation and restlessness, were also reduced (Walkup et al
Among the causes are coronary artery disease, prolonged alcohol use, heart muscle weakness and high blood pressure (MedicineNet). Approach in Care The ideal one is an organized team of specialists, which will aim at improved overall outcome (Jaarsma, 2005)
Lifestyle changes can consist of regular physical activity balanced with rest, healthy but low-sodium foods, ideal weight-taking, avoidance of smoking and alcohol, and the regular taking of prescribed medication (X-plain Patient Education). Education Plan as Part of Treatment The heart failure screening plan has shown to be effective in teaching evidence-based treatment and adequate intervention and patient education to practitioners (Packard et al
Blood tests can help in determining any number of abnormalities, and in this case the test shows that the patient's hemoglobin and red blood cell counts (RBC) were both abnormal. Of course, it is a well-known fact that "when used properly, RBC morphology can be a key tool for laboratory hematology professionals to recommend appropriate clinical and laboratory follow-up and to select the best tests for definitive diagnosis" (Ford, 2013, p