Subsequent tasks include war fighting, nonessential evacuation plans, peacekeeping and peace enforcement, as well as humanitarian tasks like disaster relief and humanitarian aid. According to German constitutional law (Article 87 a Grundgesetz (GG)), this complex range of responsibilities is mandatory upon militaries, and may be considered a service obligation in the purview of defense portfolios (Essig, Mohr & Tandler, 2014)
, respectively. Further, it has been noted that companies emphasizing solely on profits develop different supply relationships and sourcing patterns (Fleischmann et al
Considerable data on closed-loop supply chains arises from military practices which require stocking aircraft-related items. Some are repairable on field itself whereas others have to be forwarded to the central military depot where they are either disposed or repaired (Guide and Srivastava, 1997)
Considerable data on closed-loop supply chains arises from military practices which require stocking aircraft-related items. Some are repairable on field itself whereas others have to be forwarded to the central military depot where they are either disposed or repaired (Guide and Srivastava, 1997)
Towards simultaneously safeguarding operational effectiveness and ensuring efficiency, defense forces must focus on their respective core competencies, whilst employing contemporary forms of financing and cooperation. The above trend is manifested through realization of a number of PPPs (private-public partnerships) or Public Finance programs, which have grown in number in the past few years (Hartley, 2002)
CAS is a complex system theory. A complex comprises of systems having multiple interactions between agents or entities (Humphrey & Schmitz, 2001)
Moreover, the ability of locating product inventories aids in shortening time between conveyance points from the factory floor, warehousing unit and showroom. RFID proves valuable in clustering small consignment data from multiple sources guided along the same path in the initial distribution stages, or even automating rerouting despite change in travel-condition data (Liqin, 2014)
Project teams may be instituted, having representatives of downstream and upstream firms, for addressing common issues or answering other demands. These capabilities facilitate continuous supply chain adaptation (Marchi, Erdmann & Rodriguez, 2014)
Hence, it may be useful to learn historical information, which normally does not possess optimum important information. The environments characteristically display variables in product demand, product characteristics, existing machine characteristics, production plans, and supply levels (Velasquez et al
These companies produce an atmosphere of deep interaction inspired by exchange of information, knowledge, material, and funds. These exchanges emerge from pursuing individual companies' goals (Wycisk, McKelvey, & Hulsmann, 2008)