Parental influence takes the form of racial socialization, which helps to develop positive identities. Parents serve as the primary sources of information for their children (Novak and Pelaez 468)
Military Stereotyping The Negative Effects of Military Stereotyping Stereotypes exist, unfortunately, in all walks of life, in all occupations, organizations, and institutions; for whatever reason, they appear to be a natural and even fundamental part of almost every human society. Though such stereotypes might have been useful many millennia ago in the prehistoric days of humanity's more desperate hunter-gatherer days, they have ceased to serve any useful function in post-agricultural society, where collective effort and esteem and opinion based on an individual's contribution to the community are the most practical, as well as the most ethical (Boyce & Herd 2004)
Addressing these stereotypes requires first the identification of the most persistent stereotypes that exist, especially insofar as their practical effects. Without a doubt, one of the most common and extreme stereotypes that exists in many organizations today, and perhaps especially the United States military, are those based on gender (DeGroot 2001; Boyce & Herd 2004)
This leads to another common stereotype -- those based on military occupational specialties, or MOS (Smith 2010; USAI 2009). These, as well as the stereotypes of both perceived military acumen and limitations based on awards or the lack thereof, are some of the more common and detrimental stereotypes that exist in the United States military (Frey 2007)
Without a doubt, one of the most common and extreme stereotypes that exists in many organizations today, and perhaps especially the United States military, are those based on gender (DeGroot 2001; Boyce & Herd 2004). Women are a distinct minority n the military, especially in certain positions, from which many are explicitly held back due to their gender (Smith 2010)
) as more of a "haves" vs. "have-nots" class war than patent insanity or murderous genes, Gates says both detective literature and police forces "…Can be traced to the anxieties of the literate, upper classes concerned with the threat to social order posed by the lower classes" (Gates, p
James Craig Holte, director of Graduate Studies in English in East Carolina University -- and author of books on vampires, ethnicities and African-American literature -- writes that Hawks' "Scarface" follows closely the barefaced ethnic stereotyping presented in the 1930 crime film "Little Caesar," starring Edward G. Robinson (Holte, 1984)
" Howard Hawks' Scarface (1932) How closely did Hawks' screenplay match up with the original novel Scarface by Armitage Trail? The screenplay for Hawks' film was "a unique creation that owes little to the novel," which was originally published in 1930, according to Marilyn Roberts. Writing in the journal Literature/Film Quarterly (2006), Roberts points to the fact of Hawks claim -- that he created the film based on "his own knowledge of gangsters, particularly Al Capone" (Roberts, p
And although the 1932 version of Scarface did not follow Gates' description of the classical detective story -- "long, convoluted, and based more on dialogue than on action" -- the Scarface film did indeed benefit from "the birth of sound film in the second half of the 1920s." On the subject of lower classes threatening the social order of a society, DePalma's version of Scarface (the screenplay was written by Oliver Stone) opens with "…ragged, noisy refugees marshaled by armed police power… [and] disgruntled arrivals in a littered, sun-baked compound…" (Salamon, 2000, p
Notwithstanding his weakened position, he fights back, shooting wildly and showing that he hasn't run out of testosterone quite yet. Finally, and according to film critic Tricia Welsch, "almost mercifully" a "lone gunman appears and fires a single shot" (Welsch, 1997)