Second Language Sources for your Essay

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


There is a growing debate among scholars, academicians and professionals whether a classroom teaching of ELT (English language teaching) should exclude or include native language (LI) and the issue has led leading to a long-term controversy. (Brown, 2000)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


There is a growing debate among scholars, academicians and professionals whether a classroom teaching of ELT (English language teaching) should exclude or include native language (LI) and the issue has led leading to a long-term controversy. (Brown, 2000)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


Bilingual is defined as individual having "native-like control of two languages."(Butler, & Hakuta, 2006, p 115)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


On the other hand, the bilingual definition is often refers to ability of an individual to retain a knowledge of two knowledge and use them for daily life activities. (Caldwell, 2011)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


The argument reveals that the use of L1 can assist teacher to maximize learning objectives. (Carless, 2007)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


First, Japanese English teachers lack a communicative ability and Japanese English learners continuing suffering from inferiority complex based on their TOEFL scores being at the lowest compared to international standard. (Clark, 2009, Stewart, 2009)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


However the positive role of native language in classrooms has been recently acknowledged on the ground that native language is a rich resource in the classroom environment and if used judiciously can enhance a greater understanding of learning and teaching of a target language. (Cook, 2001)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


However the positive role of native language in classrooms has been recently acknowledged on the ground that native language is a rich resource in the classroom environment and if used judiciously can enhance a greater understanding of learning and teaching of a target language. (Cook, 2001)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


However the positive role of native language in classrooms has been recently acknowledged on the ground that native language is a rich resource in the classroom environment and if used judiciously can enhance a greater understanding of learning and teaching of a target language. (Cook, 2001)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


However, "research evidence provides minimal support for this assumption'. (Cummins, 2010 p 221)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


Code switching also assists in retaining multicultural and multilingual knowledge. (DeFina, 2007), Macaro, (2009) argue that code switching assists learners to develop a strong linguistic knowledge such as vocabulary without affecting learner's linguistic skills

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


A review of literatures identifies two opposing views: Those who believe that L2 should be an exclusive classroom instruction and call for the abolition of L1. (Ellis, 2005, Copland, & Neokleous, 2010)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


A review of literatures identifies two opposing views: Those who believe that L2 should be an exclusive classroom instruction and call for the abolition of L1. (Ellis, 2005, Copland, & Neokleous, 2010)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


"The development of ELT as a casual career for young people visiting Europe encouraged teachers to make a virtue of the necessity of using only English." (Harbord, 1992 p 350)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


The authors point out that many Korean learners of English language are reluctant to speak English (L2) when they are in group with other fellow Korean. (Kang, 2005) However, Odlin, (1989) believes that incorporating of the L1 in the L2 classroom teaching is problematic

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


Altercation: wrangling, debate, or contention Altitude: height Amaritude: bitterness Ambage: long circumstance of the words. (Krieken, & Erickson, 2012)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


A linguistic transfer refers to ability of learners to carry over their L1 to assist them learning their target languages. (Liu, 2001)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


Code switching assists teachers to effective put information across the learners in a classroom. (Lindholm-Leary, 2001)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


Other benefit of using L1 in the ESL classroom is that it reduces barrier to English acquisition, which effectively enhance rapid progress in learning ESL. (Lucas, & KatzSource, 1994)

First Language (L1) in the Second Language


However, some teachers still believe that the use of L1 in the language classroom instruction is counterproductive to the English learning process. (Macaro,2009)