However, it could be solved significantly by using recycled material ("recycling"). This is because the recycled products that are offered in the market "not only save energy and water but also reduce raw material usage along with the associated energy and pollution caused in the process of obtaining these raw materials" ("Forget the Myths, Recycling" 38)
It is time and again reported by several industry and government studies that "the collection and use of secondary materials results in large energy savings over traditional production and disposal methods. Net energy savings may vary from product to product and region to region, as well as from production facility to facility, but there is no doubt that energy use reductions are realized across the board by recycling" (Hershkowitz 164)
Also, by taking lunch in a reusable lunch box -- and taking reusable cotton shopping bags to the grocery store -- saves the energy that is required to produce new lunch boxes and plastic or paper bags. The benefits of recycling, according to the United Nations (UN) "Diverting waste bound for landfills and putting it to good use… is an obvious and proven means for conserving land and resources, as we have known for a long time…" (Chertow, 2009)
Not only that, but costs of solid wastes are avoided, and Ann Arbor no longer operates its own landfill; instead it pays $28 a ton for non-recyclables to be hauled to a private landfill, Porter explains. Like Porter, author Don Fullerton is not shy about exposing the fiscal reality of recycling from the market perspective; he even suggests that cities perhaps have launched curbside recycling programs with "incomplete information" (Fullerton, 2002, p
For example, in the journal Applied Economics the authors relate to the environmental damage that has been done in Korea due to agricultural waste. But since the landfills in Korea are overflowing and incineration is expensive, recycling offers an "overwhelming advantage" to those options (Kwak, et al
Richard C. Porter writes in his book, The Economics of Waste, that on the basic level recycling has three "major" benefits: a) the reuse, and recovery of materials that have been used or discarded; b) the "reduced use of a landfill (or incinerator); and c) the reduced need for solid waste collection (Porter, 2002, p
According to an article in the Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering there is increased pressure for construction companies to use recycled materials in pavement construction. That pressure is "…due to a rapid depletion of high-quality natural/traditional aggregates," to the increasingly high costs of materials, and also due to the "large quantities of waste materials stockpiled around the world" (Tao, et al
Even here, however, some of the needs and equipment are the same for recycling concrete as they are for processing it for landfill disposal. Both processes require that the concrete be broken down to a certain degree -- in recycling, this is so the concrete and be better "purified" by passing it through screeners, while landfills are simply trying to maximize the efficiency of the physical space and the equipment being used by working in thin layers to pack everything as tight as possible: concrete dust can get squeezed much thinner than large chunks of the building material (Bliss, 2011; Everett, 2009)
However, only 15 respondents out of 31 answers stated that they believed the PAYT system would ensure the increasing recycling and composting products, rather than leaving the trash decaying in the landfill ground. Many of them still think that this program may add more burdens to the community (Goldstein, N
Although the regulation in this Edo (government) age did not address specifically to solid trash, they had put waste under several categories, which encouraged them to manage each type of the refuse properly. "Household waste," belonged to the first criteria, followed by road and drain garbage, "floating junks" in the waterways, and "waste from fire" (Hanley, 2001, par
As not to give too many burdens to the incinerator facilities, German scientists also develop the alternative "mechanical-biological pretreatment processes," at certain level, to help the early decomposition or degradation process before all materials are recycled or disposed. This type of technology implementation, along with many others for metal-plastic-glass recovery will be developed significantly in the future (Schnurer, 2002)
Landfills seem to be the only place where the country set to vanish the garbage out of the way, but from the available place, it seems that England will be short of free new dumping ground within a decade. As for the alternative, incinerator has not gained much popularity either, since many people still suspect for its potentially lung damaging smoke (Kirby, 2002, par
OECD report mentioned that governments currently work on five types of wastes as follows: "to reduce paper consumption, paper recycling, the reduction and recycling of office products, the recycling of construction and demolition debris, and the composting of organic waste." (Mohninger, 1999)
Most of them (about 83%) went directly to landfills, while the other eight percent were processed to incinerator. Only nine percent got the way to the recycling plants (Pellaumail, K
Although in the ideal condition such approaches seem to fit the need to free up landfills from future use, some parts of the community do not help the progress of the program, by failing to sort their municipal solid waste into the right bag. It causes the delay in the whole sorting and recycling process, which would take more time to complete and ineffective energy to accomplish the procedures (Themelis, 2002)
This translates to 180 million tons of garbage being sent to landfills, which are growing fuller and scarcer every day. Recycling rates in the United States ranks among the lowest among industrialized nations (Bowden 44)
Plans are now underway to institute an independent recycling authority, which would manage the recycling program. Under this plan, recycling centers would be set up throughout the city, where residents can redeem recyclable goods (Cardwell)
First, recycling allows people to conserve more natural resources such as trees that are used as sources of wood and paper. For example, it takes 17 pulp trees just to manufacture one ton of paper (Carless 173-174)
Such landfill liner technology is very expensive and often ineffective. An industry report, for example, shows that despite supervision and maintenance, many landfill liners still leaked (Hershkowitz 81-83)
Most of the items in this group could be recycled. Instead, majority of them are simply disposed (Lober)