). Juvenile offenders have mixed feelings and attitudes towards institutional confinement, according to another study (Abrams, 2006)
Results from family deviance and family contingencies were less consistent predictors of recidivism (Goliath). Some statistics show that the incidence of teen-age crime is not an increasing social problem, as commonly believed (Huston, 2008)
The latter ones comprised 18% of all released prisoners (OJP). A comprehensive analysis of juvenile recidivism in Pennsylvania showed that it was highest in urban counties and lowest in rural counties (Kalist & Lee, 2009)
The research team used the data provided by the Massachusetts Department of Youth Services. These data said that a stay with the program for more than 11 months did not result in future convictions among all the released offenders (McMackin et al
Policy reforms are needed to avoid detaining juveniles unless absolutely necessary; restrict the transfer of juvenile cases to adult criminal courts; and stop Medicaid from requiring juvenile recidivists to reapply for services (Wilson). A study found the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale or CAFAS as a significant tool in the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders (Quist & Matshazi, 2000)
They provide more programs to prevent the young offenders from proceeding towards criminality and thus keep their cases out of court (Huston). National crime incidence increased only slightly at 2% in 2008 (Rhyne et al
S.$22 million in a single year with at least 1% fewer chronic offenders (Wagner, 2009)
Reducing juvenile recidivism has clear advantages. It will promote public safety and eliminate or reduce social, economic and personal costs (Wilson, 2007)
Hypothesis It was the hypothesis of this study that defendants who are male, of minority status, and who are less well educated will tend to receive harsher sentences compared with their white counterparts who are convicted for identical crimes and criminal histories. This hypothesis is congruent with past studies that have linked defendants' ethnicity to preexisting concepts of their dangerousness and tendency towards recidivism (Albonetti, 1997)
Criminal Justice - Recidivism CRIMINAL JUSTICE: CORRECTIONS and RECIDIVISM Rehabilitation and Recidivism: Based on the empirical evidence, of approximately 500 studies (Andrews, 1995), successful rehabilitation is substantially dependent on the degree to which rehabilitative efforts relate directly to the underlying causes of criminal conduct and inclination
Cullen and Gendreau (2000) detail the inconsistent and sometimes arbitrary penal philosophies implemented throughout American history and the insufficiency with which any penal focus on punishment instead of prevention and rehabilitation of convicted criminals provides a genuine solution to the problem of crime in society (Andrews, 1995). While the removal of offenders from society through incarceration does serve the purpose of preventing continued crime by offenders, incarceration alone does not change the likelihood of resumption of criminal activity upon return to society; in some cases, elements of incarceration actually serve as breeding grounds for hardening criminal dispositions and the hostility that already exists to a greater degree within offender populations (Cullen & Gendreau, 2000)
Cullen and Gendreau (2000) detail the inconsistent and sometimes arbitrary penal philosophies implemented throughout American history and the insufficiency with which any penal focus on punishment instead of prevention and rehabilitation of convicted criminals provides a genuine solution to the problem of crime in society (Andrews, 1995). While the removal of offenders from society through incarceration does serve the purpose of preventing continued crime by offenders, incarceration alone does not change the likelihood of resumption of criminal activity upon return to society; in some cases, elements of incarceration actually serve as breeding grounds for hardening criminal dispositions and the hostility that already exists to a greater degree within offender populations (Cullen & Gendreau, 2000)
This is when everyone is effectively addressing the root causes of the problem by intervening early and communicating. (Ferguson, 2005) In the future, this program and those that help to retrain / educate can give these people the skills they need to be successful
This is when there is an examination of different sources and the underlying trends. (Pratt, 2006) The organization that will be studied is the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (CSOSA)
The information from this source is useful in helping to establish a foundation for implementing these kinds of programs. (Seiter, 2003) The trends that were uncovered in the literature review are illustrating how alternative programs can be effective in reducing recidivism
This will be measured by comparing the impact of their services in conjunction with crime rates in the area. (Spitzlinger, 2010) Moreover, there will be an emphasis on those jurisdictions with sudden decreases in recidivism
The program will be focused on how the findings can be enacted from a macroeconomic level. (Visher, 2003) Relevant Literature The different pieces of literature are highlighting how alternatives can have a positive impact on communities
African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nation's youth population. Yet they account for over two-thirds of the youth in secure juvenile facilities (Armour & Hammond, 2009)
Obviously, there are set hours that the wearer is expected to be at home, but if they work a 9 to 5 job and leave the house at the normal time, there is no way to know where they are by using the device until after 5 in the evening. By that time, they could have gone almost anywhere, including leaving town, the state, or even possibly the country (Benner, 2002)
This resulted in the suspension of New Jersey's electronic monitoring program until 1996 (Vogelstein, 1997). Instances like that one do not help an industry that is already struggling with safety and security objections from the public (Berk & Campbell, 1993)