government policy regarding agriculture. "Absurdly, while one hand of the federal government is campaigning against the epidemic of obesity, the other hand is actually subsidizing it, by writing farmers a check for every bushel of corn they can grow" (Pollan 2003, p
For example, convicting individuals of, for example, tax fraud on their returns from 2005 based on laws passed in 2006 is an ex post facto conviction. Ultimately, the Connecticut court "declined to rule on the issue" (Dorf, 2002)
Violence and terrorism benefit no one but the terrorists. The maxim for the 21st century should be watchfulness and attending to security, but remaining open to diversity of all types (Alsultany, 2007)
The likely closure of the ports would result in an economic disaster of a serious nature: 1/2 million per week in lost revenue affecting a minimum of 200,000 jobs (direct and indirect), as well as a substantial recovery and reconstruction project (if needed) (Port of Seattle, 2009). Economically, a terrorist attack in Seattle would have a ripple effect in that it would have an effect on families, culture, real estate prices, psychological trauma, loss of production, loss of tourism dollars, a blight on purchasing, travel, cargo in and out, and millions if not billions of lost revenue for all levels of business (Barber, 2002)
We must also have a system of government in which the basic rights of the population are not so subsumed that any semblance of liberty is non-existent. However, the reality is that there are threats, there are terrorists, and there is a new kind of warfare that may require some redefinitions in our legal and governmental documents (Couch, 2012)
there is a 60% chance of an attack vs. there is a 20% chance) (Ezell, et al
13). In general, crisis management focuses on three major activities: 1) What are the most appropriate methods of response to both real and perceived crises?, 2) What models and scenarios need to be defined that constitute a crisis and should engage a necessary and appropriate response?, and 3) What is the communication plan and chain that is necessary to ensure that the emergency phase of crisis management is handled appropriately? (Fink, 2000)
The literature shows that there are over 100 different definitions for terrorism, and many scholars cannot agree on a precise meaning for the term. However, there are some commonalities and key characteristics that seem to be present in most scholarly works on the subject, particularly to distinguish terrorism from other types of crime: 1) Terrorism is political in motivation; 2) It is violent or threatens violence; 3) It is designed to have broad psychological repercussions beyond that of the immediate target; 4) It is conducted by an organization with a hierarchy, and; 5) It is perpetrated by a non-state organization (Hoffman, 2006, pp
Overall, when viewing the organizational behaviors that occur when a direct terrorist threat is made, one finds that there is a logical process that may be used to not only identify the credibility of the threat, but to define the characteristic of the potential sites and damage. All of this, however, is based on the notion that there is a cogent "risk management" plan in place that is an amalgamation of resources, allocations, and feasibility studies (Johnson, 2013, pp
In the Seattle situation, this would be done by including the community, being transparent in operational matters, emphasizing safety and risk management. In other words, CSR is the process of the business doing what is right for the public, the employee, the business and all stakeholders, while still maintaining an organization that is fiscally sound, evolving, and in the public interest (Kotler and Lee, 2003; Quazi and O'Brien, 2000)
When Ressam was arrest boarding a ferry, investigators found that he had booked up a hotel room for one night near the Space Needle. While there was no "direct evidence" that Ressam was planning to blow up the Needle, this and recent events in Seattle led to the decision to end all events by 6pm on New Year's Eve (Lundberg, 2002)
Internet eavesdropping is used to find keywords, increased security at borders for travelers and immigrants, and several new banking regulations to prevent money laundering. (Olson, 2001)
This would also include bringing more and more private security firms into the intelligence sharing paradigm; noting that they often have less scrutiny and regulation in some areas that allows them to glean more evidence that may be vital to U.S. security (Regoli & Hewitt, 2010)
A National Gallup Poll found that most Americans thought that it was far more likely (67%) for a terrorist attack on the Millennium than any issue with computer disruption. A full 62% of those polled through it was likely that Seattle would be a target (Saad, 1999)
Risks and hazards are so common that standards have been set to identify, and hopefully help mitigate, potential issues (See Figure 1) (International Organization for Standardization, 2009). Basic risk management has at least six separate parts that help the organization: 1) Identification of risks or hazards within the particularly organization; 2) Setting up (the plan) a process to help mitigate the potential occurrence; 3) Mapping responsibilities, scope, objectives, involved parties, and any constraints; 4) Putting a framework in place to handle risks; 5) Analyzing probabilities of certain risks or hazards based on all available information; and, 6) Finding ways to solve risks as quickly as possible so that down time and/or fiscal risk is limited (Wan, 2009)
The terrorist ideology (creating psychological terror) has little effect if the results of the actions are not public. Thus, media exposure is likely a primary goal for those engaging in terrorist activities; and of course the manipulation and exploitation of media based on the sensationality of the action (Wilkinson, 1997)
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union funded these types of groups, particularly in the developing world and all to disrupt capitalism. Now that most of the world, even China, is adopting at least a semblance of capitalism, terrorists no longer focus on just the developing world, but in disrupting global trade and economic development (Wirtz, 2006)
Conversely, it shouldn't ignore problems that are costing it money when there are cheaper mitigation alternatives; a smart company needs to approach security as it would any other business decision: costs vs. benefits (Schneier, 2008)
6. Agencies are now hiring public relation professionals to lead trust-building initiatives (Association, 2010)
Because government cannot control people's reaction to a terrorist attack, officials can become proactive in this regard by disseminating useful information and using their resources to collect more information in conjunction with preventing a terrorist attack (Docobo, 2005). Being armed with information regarding necessary precautions to be taken in an event of a terrorist attack will boost confidence levels of people in crisis situations and prevent mass hysteria (Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism, 2004)