A case in point is seen with the use of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), which is administered in compulsory groups; the use of CISD has been found to be ineffective for the prevention of PTSD following trauma exposure ("PTSD Treatment Options," 2014). Substantial barriers to treatment of psychological distress in combat personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan have been shown in other studies, as well (Hogue, et al
Maintaining rigor, validity and trustworthiness. Qualitative researchers substitute the idea of data trustworthiness for validity and reliability (Klopper, n
It can also be accomplished by using different techniques -- such as extant document review and interviews -- within a research method to answer the research questions (Polkinghorne, 2005). When a participant is asked to review the data that a researcher has collected, along with the conclusions reached based on that data, the researcher has accomplished a member check (Kotler, 2003)
Research participants appreciate an opportunity to assess if data associated with them is accurate (Kotler, 2003). The process of completing member checks contributes substantively to trust building (Lincoln & Guba, 1985)
The quality of care that these Veterans receive, coupled with their own belief in the veracity of the treatment approaches, will ultimately determine when and how they reintegrate into society and enjoy a lie free from the debilitating symptoms of PTSD ("Office of Public Affairs," 2014). The literature indicates that the perceptions patients have related to the quality of care they receive can be a pivotal factor in how well they respond to care (Polkinghorne, 2005)
Sampling plan and frame. A sampling plan is an umbrella term for the processes that facilitate the identification and establishment of a sample (Savin-Baden & Major, 2013)
The PTSD treatment offered to Veterans is recovery oriented, taking the needs and preferences of Veterans into consideration in order to help them identify and achieve meaningful personal goals and satisfying lives. Literature Review Significant barriers exist for veterans who have been diagnosed with PTSD and are seeking a full course of treatment for their PTSD condition (Seal, et
Research aim: What is the aim of the study? The purpose of the current research is to explore the perceptions of Veterans with PTSD who are being treated for their disorder in community long-term facilities. Provision of the results to clinicians and practitioners is indicated in order to support advancements in treatment interventions and efficacious support of Veterans with PTSD (Vive, et al
Proposed Project Method Research Method. Qualitative researchers have a number of methods available to them, including historical methodology, ethnography, phenomenology, hermeneutics, field-based case study, grounded theory and action research (Burton & Steane, 2004) as well as evaluation or program research (Babbie, 2001)
Proposed Project Method Research Method. Qualitative researchers have a number of methods available to them, including historical methodology, ethnography, phenomenology, hermeneutics, field-based case study, grounded theory and action research (Burton & Steane, 2004) as well as evaluation or program research (Babbie, 2001)
166). While the severity of the trauma, such as combat exposure, is a primary factor in the etiology of PTSD, it is reasonable to speculate that the potential effect of other PTSD-associated risk factors differs according to the severity of the stressor (Cockram et al
8%, the prevalence rates of PTSD for combat veterans returning from combat tours in the Middle East are estimated to be at least 17% and most authorities agree that this estimate is low -- in some cases far too low (Kearney, McDermott, Malte, Martinez & Simpson, 2012). Moreover, other authorities believe that the actual prevalence rate of PTSD among the combat veteran population may be as high as 52% (Corso, Bryan, Morrow, Appolonio, Dodendorf & Baker, 2009) or 60% (Kearney et al
Consequently, "complex PTSD" or "disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified" (DESNOS) emerged to account for the organized and complicated array of problems described by those who experience early onset, protracted, and repeated traumatic events usually involving interpersonal victimization. Examples of these complex traumata include torture, childhood abuse, domestic violence, chronic combat exposure, and severe social deprivation (Dyer et al
120). This evidence-based intervention has been found to be effective in treating combat Vietnam veterans suffering from PTSD (Falsetti & Resnick, 2000)
Nevertheless, controversy concerning the efficacy and appropriateness of the treatment modality remains. According to the definition provided by one therapist, "EMDR is a comprehensive treatment protocol in which the client attends to emotionally disturbing material in short sequential doses while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus (therapist-directed eye movements, hand-tapping, auditory tones)" (Figley, 2002, p
4). Although everyone is unique and different levels of resiliency can mitigate some of these effects (Hagenaars & van Minnen, 2011), some people appear to be at higher risk because of preexisting mental schemas or past traumatic life experiences that can exacerbate future traumatic experiences
Furthermore, suicidality is frequently seen in both disorders. This overlap in clinical presentation of the two disorders has lead some researchers to argue for a distinct depressive subtype of PTSD, rather than the presence of two separate disorders (Jovanovic et al
e., Operation Enduring Freedom or OEF and Operation Iraqi Freedom or OIF) diagnosed with psychiatric disorders are at higher risk for suicide (Jakupcak, Vannoy, Imel, Cook, Fontana, Rosenheck & McFall, 2010; Lighthall, 2010; Gomulka, 2010)
e., Operation Enduring Freedom or OEF and Operation Iraqi Freedom or OIF) diagnosed with psychiatric disorders are at higher risk for suicide (Jakupcak, Vannoy, Imel, Cook, Fontana, Rosenheck & McFall, 2010; Lighthall, 2010; Gomulka, 2010)
According to these researchers, "Studies have found rates of PTSD and SUD comorbidity as high as 25-59%. Having PTSD and increased psychiatric distress associated with comorbid disorders is associated with poorer substance use outcomes" (Jason et al