Another authority adds that, "Problems of violence caused by our school age children (in and out of schools) are worse now than they have ever been. Youth violence is on the rise and permeates every segment of our society" (Hoffman, 1996, p
187). The highly publicized recent school shootings in Arkansas, Mississippi, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Oregon, and Colorado have riveted the country's attention on these issues; however, the incidence of violence in our schools have been increasing for the past decade (Rozalski & Yell, 2000)
167). Researchers have found that 80% of children enter their 1st grade year with a high self-esteem and a high sense of dignity; however, by the time children reach 5th grade, just 20% have maintained the same sense of self-esteem, and only 5% carry a high sense of dignity into high school (Shidler, 2000)
Data investigation is a scrutinizing procedure intended to assist schools inspect and comprehend in a better fashion the character and efficiency of their school improvement program. Given below are insightful issues that can assist in steering discussions: What do these data show? What else may clarify these outcomes? What else is required to be known to comprehend the information prior to arriving at inferences? What good news is in store for us to cheer? What is required to be done to improve program implementation? (Berk, & Rossi, 1990, p
To record the manner of soundness of execution of a program, process evaluations are employed; they are done at regular intervals right through the length of the program. (Bickman, 1987, p
It can be established by the outcome of the evaluation results to establish that a program is going on as desired, realizing its goals and feasible. (Brown, 1992, p
The relevancies of case studies are often pertinent when the program is distinctive, when an on-going program is utilized in a special environment, at the time when you are evaluating an exclusive result, or during which an atmosphere is particularly volatile. (Calfee; Wittwer, & Meredith, 1998, p
For instance, if the pupils in the intervention institutions deferred acquiring the habit of smoking more than the pupils in the control schools, you could ascribe the triumph to your program. (Cronbach, 1980, p
This apprehension emanates usually from a misunderstanding regarding the rationale and purpose of evaluation. (Posavac; Carey, 1997, p
A process assessment might provide an answer to this. (Rossi, et
Outcome evaluations must be undertaken only at the period when the program is sufficiently ripe to deliver the desired results. (Thompson, 1980, p
Comprehending the judgment, analysis, and principles of assessment that are considered in this structure could contribute to long-term effects, like building choices on methodological decisions instead of baseless suppositions. (Witkin; Altschuld, 1995, p
However, in looking at the concept in terms of a more narrowed field such as criminal justice, the definition takes on additional facets. Authors Donnelly and Trochim describe ethics in research as being made up of different principles including: voluntary participation, informed consent, participant confidentiality and anonymity, and participants' right to service (Donnelly and Trochim, 2006, p
Attorney and author David B. Resnick defines ethics in its most simple terms as "norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior" (Resnick, 2009, p
The decision to use the study limitations as the primary controlling factor in the design and implementation of the program evaluation for this research is easily justified by a reading of Spaulding (2008). The very definition of a program itself denotes the level of specificity that is necessary in carrying out research, and certainly in evaluating the outcomes of that research program: a program must consist of a specific set of actions with a consciously intended purpose, meaning that it must be precisely and distinctly defined and limited from the outset (Spaulding 2008)
The second dependent variable is students' achievement in history as measured by their pre and post-test results. Design This study will be conducted through an experimental comparison design (Gall, Borg & Gall, 1996) to assess the effectiveness of the CSCL tool in developing critical thinking skills in history students over the course of one semester (20 weeks)
Many of these tools may be used simultaneously by participants with continuous updates of any changes that are made for each participant. Participation in collaborative meetings may be synchronous or asynchronous (Tan, 2000)
As a result, these managers miss significant opportunities to make more of difference for their customer and clients, or earn greater profits. The Importance of Program Evaluation in the Health Care Industry Most health care managers today recognize the importance of measuring outcomes and costs (Grannemann, 2002)
The Basics of Program Evaluation When examining program evaluation, it is important to look at the term "program" in general. In most cases, organizations base their work on their mission to identify several overall goals that must be reached to accomplish their mission (McNamara, 1998)
At the conclusion of the study, if the program's performance reflected the desired policy goals, the program would have a greater chance of continued funding and continuance. However, if the results where negative or at best questionable, managers could at this point reduce funding or disband the program with scientific assurances of their decision (Nachmias, 174-175)