, 2010; Deniz, 2011; Saleem & Rafique, 2012). Others have found an opposite relationship, in which increased degrees or frequencies of procrastination are more strongly associated with lower levels of self-esteem (Ferrari, 2000; Powers et al
, 2012). The Lay Procrastination survey instrument, which similarly continues top be validated through ongoing research and direct testing and which has been paired with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem instrument in similar research that was conducted previously, was also used in this study (Saleem & Rafique, 2012)
Despite the fact that I do not believe my procrastination stems from any deep psychological disturbance (though admittedly my research has not yet been conducted), understanding the behavior patterns and personality types that are prone to procrastination could be key to solving my own struggle with the issue. It has been suggested, for instance, that procrastination has little to do with time management and more to do with a persistent need for some people to self-sabotage, making it more difficult for them to succeed (Marano 2003)
There are different types of procrastinators. Arousal procrastinators are thrill-seekers who tackle projects at the last minute, pulling all-nighters at school and work (Zane, 2008)
You had to hook it up to a PC to use it! Swatch introduced it too soon due to its enthusiasm over the technology. Perhaps they should have procrastinated (Matlack, 2000)