Not merging them can have monetary and societal consequences. One Oregon reporter notes, "Court, corrections and probation agencies have grown up with separate databases, separate offices and separate staffs in ways not conducive to a comprehensive, systematic approach to offender management" (Bishop D1)
The establishment of the juvenile courts in 1899 in Chicago saw the establishment of probation as part of the correction efforts in all the juvenile courts hence increasing the popularity of the courts. This developed to the current provision of all courts having probation for both children and adults (NYC Department of Probation, 2015)
society where the jails have been facing unprecedented numbers of inmates leading to crowding as jails hold more than intended numbers of inmates. The various states have adapted parole and probation of minor offenders who may not pose a serious danger to the society with the aim of achieving two ends; decongesting the jails at the same time correcting the offenders (Portland State University, 2015)
The trend of the current probation officers working closely with the offenders with the aim of helping tem reform out of the jails and integration into the community traces its history to 1870 when Frederick Reiner donated 5 shillings to the Church of England to help in breaking the cycle of offence after the other and subsequent sentencing after another. The society then appoints a 'missionary' to Southwark court and this was the beginning of the London Police Court Mission (The Probation Association, 2014)
This has been seen to work since there are 2.3 million people in prison but on the outside, there are 5 million offenders on parole (Walshe S., 2015), a fact that works to show the effectiveness of the implementation of the parole and probation measures, as well as the significance of the program to the American society
Shock probation and shock parole are related concepts, and both are forms of alternative sentences. Empirical research does show that shock probation and shock parole "reduce incarceration and shorten the length of imprisonment," leading to desirable outcomes in the criminal justice system including reduced recidivism and cost savings (Scott, Dinitz & Shiclior, 2010, p
Because probation officers are all different from one another, what bothers one may not bother another. However, there are standard stressors that have the opportunity to affect all probation officers, and how strongly each one is affected by these stressors will correlate to that officer's personality and the way in which the stressor was presented, along with how many stressors are given to that officer (Aguirre, 2007)
Defining the Problem Stress is the problem and, more specifically, the various stressors that are most commonly seen by probations officers. These include primarily mental and emotional stress, as physical stress is not generally a component of the job (Barrick, 2004; O'Donnell, 2001)
One of the reasons for that problem comes from the lack of reporting of stress and mental health issues that is done by probation officers (Aguirre, 2007; O'Donnell, 2001; Sauvagnat, 2011). There have been differences in reporting between male and female probation officers (Cochran, 1976)
Populations The population of probation officers affected by stressors include males and females, as well as officers of numerous races (Aguirre, 2007; Barrick, 2004). There is no focus on a particular group within the segment of the population who work as probation officers, because they are all susceptible to dealing with (and struggling with) stressors that can come from the job they do and the people with which they must work on a daily basis (Friedman, 1993; Fuller, 2005; Goldsmith, 1988; Hoge, 2012)
When it comes to the communities in which these probation officers live and society as a whole, suspicious feelings can keep a probation officer somewhat removed from others (Hoge, 2012). Understanding that these feelings come with stress, and finding healthy ways to deal with the feelings, can help not only the officer, but his or her family, friends, and the surrounding community (Fuller, 2005; O'Donnell, 2001; Sauvagnat, 2011) Etiology Various theories are available as to the stressors that plague probation officers and why the problem seems to be coming to light more now
Many people who are on probation violate that probation and are re-arrested, but that is not the case with every person, and some complete their probation and move on. The officers, however, simply work with the probationers to which they have been assigned, and these individuals can be on probation for a number of things (Hoge, 2012)
Because of that, accurate numbers of how many probation officers struggle with stress-related issues may never be something that will generally be available. The goal then becomes to focus on those who do report them, in order to provide the necessary help and support (O'Donnell, 2001)
Stresses on Probation Officers Stress is a serious topic for those in the criminal justice field, and that is true even in areas where it might not seem as significant. For example, there are many stresses placed on probation officers, and they often have to deal with issues and problems that would not necessarily be seen by others in the criminal justice profession (Sauvagnat, 2011)
It is conducted by the center for Court Innovation in liaison with the bureau of Justice Assistance and the bureau of Justice of the U.S. (Labriola, et
The program code named HOPE (The Hawaii Opportunity probation With Enforcement) deviates from the traditional probation as we know it. The state and federal government wings should borrow from this landmark evolution (Larkin) Collection of Data With support from the bureau of Justice and Innovation, the center for court innovation has been researching the twists of innovation, successes and failure in the criminal justice system since 2007 (Robinson, 2005)
Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by a court instead of serving time in prison. In some jurisdictions, the term probation ...
Define probation: a situation or period of time in which a person who is starting a new job is tested and watched to see if … — probation in a sentence
Probation. A sentence whereby a convict is released from confinement but is still under court supervision; a testing or a trial period. Probation can be given in lieu ...
The three months' interval of Frank's probation in London passed less cheerfully than usual in the household at Combe-Raven.