S. wars on crime and drugs for the six-fold increase in the prison population, which has resulted in the construction of the world's largest prison system in less than three decades (McCormick 2000)
According to the National Criminal Justice Commission's 1996 report, "The result is that today among developed countries, the United States has the highest rates of incarceration, the widest spread of economic inequality, and the highest levels of poverty" (McCormick 2000). In California, then governor Gray Davis decreed that most government departments had to cut their budgets by 15%, including higher education and K-12 education, while at the same time planning a $335 million, 5,000 bed maximum security prison at Delano (Munoz 2006)
.Three National Academy of Sciences panels, all appointed by Republican presidents, reached that conclusion, as has every majory survey of the evidence" (Tonry 2005)
Yet, these trends are dwarfed by the continuing consequences of tough sentencing laws, and until drug abuse stops or drug laws change, "the prison population bomb will keep ticking away" (Dickenson 1996). As in many states, the Texas state prison system was so overcrowded during the 1970's that many units were operating at 200% of capacity with often five inmates to a two-person cell and others sleeping on hallway floors and outside in tents (Vogel 2004)
This is because; the public sector prisons are wasteful in terms of money that is spent more than the available money. Privatized prisons tend to run more cost effectively as well as efficiently if it happens to meet the budget (Cheung, 2004)
Other researches concluded that private prisons generate more profit more than the public sector prisons. Furthermore, the operational cost is what tends to be used to estimate how a company performs, the cost estimates that come from private advocates on the private prisons could be quite misleading, and this is because the private facilities more often turn down inmates that cost much to handle than the others that cost less (Smith, 2012)
Program and Activity; the accreditation also requires that there are proper programs that are laid out for the inmates and the activities that are necessary for them. There needs to be good education offerings, good counselling offerings and god training for the staff members (David Ronald R., 2006)
Safety; since there have been in the past a lot of attention given to the perimeter security at the expense of internal safety, there is need to focus more on the internal safety as well. There is also need to establish residential groupings within prisons of ten to fourteen people that will ensure the safety of each other and care for one another within prison (Flynn E.E., 1977:Pp19)
Order; this is yet another function of the correctional facilities that is aimed at ensuring that people who disturb the order that exists in the society are kept inside the facilities and in effect ensuring order in the society. This is very significant in the correctional facilities such that the Correctional Services Act of Manitoba, section 44 allows for the use of force in maintaining order in and control of the inmates (Manitoba Laws, 1999)
Orange County Corrections Division This is the correctional facility that has been selected for this exercise, and it is situated in Orange County as the name suggests. The mission of the Orange County Government of Florida is to offer services to al people within the county without willingly or knowingly discriminating against them on any grounds that are forbidden by the discrimination Act (Orange County Government, Florida, 2014)
Security; to ensure security is maximum, there is need for first having the well designed inside section of the prison to have single occupancy with a good program and provision of recreation space and an individualized approach to offenders. Such an example is the West Virginia-based South Central Regional Correctional Institution which is considered a state of the art jail and used as an example in the region (State of West Virginia, 2014)
Gang members in prisons continue to recruit and make alliances aggressively so that they can be able to strengthen their power base as well as influence within the prisons. Gangs pose a serious threat to the safe, secure, orderly and efficient management of the correctional systems (Grey, 2012)
many of these groups started in prisons as a result of ethnic, geographical, racial and ideological influences but as they grew they evolved to be inclusive of community and institutional components.in other cases they copied structures and philosophies groups that are already present in the society (Walker, 2013)
Research has shown that most of the gangs in the streets are controlled by leaders who are in the prison system. When one gets out of prison they often have more gang experience and are savvier in ways of the gang than the way they got into the prison (Harris, 2012)
There should also be more training, increased intelligent officers, more collaboration with police and justice partners and the prohibiting of gang paraphernalia and colors. Another strategy is integration of gang members whereby gang members and non-gang members are hosed together and in same units as their rivals which will lead to breaking the power a gang might have (Knox, 2005)
This is because they are helpless and might not be able to defend themselves when they are attacked. Another contributing factor to sexual assault in prisons is cellblocks that have solid cell fronts (Kaufman, 2001)
The lack of safety completely washes away the essence and function of the correctional systems. There should be prison sexual assault policies in place which will help in addressing measures of the preventing and detecting sexual assault, response to reported incidences, training and services for sexual assault victims (Hunter, 2014)
This leads to prisons that are not well managed hence they loose their essence of being correctional facilities. Corrupt officers on a global scale lead to people loosing faith in the correctional systems (White, 1999)
The Black Perspective / Principle 2 - Strengths The movement called "critical social work" searches for the causes, the consequences and the removal of oppressive policies and attitudes vis-a-vis African-Americans. According to authors Jane Dalrymple and Beverley Burke, critical social work promotes social justice both in "practice and policy" (Dalrymple, et al
But in the 1980s during the two terms of President Ronald Reagan "…harsher punishments for nonviolent drug crimes served the interest of politicians," writes Michael Hallet, assistant professor of Criminal Justice Administration at Middle Tennessee State University. Politicians that were interested in strategically "capitalizing on racial tension in American society" backed legislation that authorized "determinate" or "mandatory minimum" sentencing (Hallet, 2006, 149)