One of the primary effects of the Act and the attacks in this regard has been the refocusing of energies and efforts to an examination of port vulnerabilities and corrective measures. Port security was not on the forefront of most authorities' minds in the period leading up to September 11, and though some would argue that it is still not the primary concern of the multiple interests involved in maintaining port security there has been a marked increase of governmental attention to port security at all levels, especially the federal level (Hecker 2002)
Most had no security background at all. (Boyne) This type of inert protection may have worked well in the 1970's when threat of a non-violent, non-suicidal hijacker with a metal weapon was involved
In the years from 1971 until the present, there have been more than 200 major attacks worldwide and more than 2,000 innocent people killed as a result. (Eisenberg) Airline and airport security has been largely reactive and is rarely proactive
A post-September 11th America is now demanding that airline and airport security be addressed and deficiencies remedied. So is the Governments 11th hour intervention enough to calm the nerves of nervous airline passengers? Should the Government be taking over security, or should they allow the security at airports to remain privatized? "Federalization of the nations (airport security workers) would not have prevented any of the events of September 11th" (Moran) Most feel that the "key element in the successful privatization of airport security is stringent government oversight of the process
So is the Governments 11th hour intervention enough to calm the nerves of nervous airline passengers? Should the Government be taking over security, or should they allow the security at airports to remain privatized? "Federalization of the nations (airport security workers) would not have prevented any of the events of September 11th" (Moran) Most feel that the "key element in the successful privatization of airport security is stringent government oversight of the process." (Pickel) But despite concerns, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) took over airport security on February 17th of this year
is prepared to make the necessary changes in its counterterrorism policies in relation counterterrorism at all. In principle, that is simply because, to date, the application of constitutional rights interpretations conflicts directly with the types of investigations that are likely necessary to protect aviation (Hoffman, 2003; Larsen, 2007)
Specifically, the prior to the Christmas Day 2009 attempt by Abdul Farouk Mutallab to detonate explosives in on board a Delta Airlines flight to Detroit from Amsterdam, his father had communicated specific concerns about his son to the U.S. Embassy in Nigeria (Kelly, 2009)
S. (Larsen, 2007) and international experts (Hoffman, 2003) in aviation security, the entire approach of screening passengers (1) randomly and (2) only after they set foot onto airport property is not an effective way of preventing terrorism against aviation
Formation of Transportation Security Agency After 9/11, Transportation Security Agency had been created in order to improve aviation and airport security in order to deal with terrorist attacks. TSA works collaboratively with local and regional agencies in order to promote security in the transportation sector including railroads, buses, subways, ports and highways (DiLascio 123)
New Policies and Framework The issue of airport and aviation security has significant attention since the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, which completely destroyed the World Trade Center and killed hundreds of innocent people. The tragic event raised security concern and changed the face of aviation security in the twenty first century (Nicholson 14)
The former operates on X-rah backscatter technology and the latter employs wave imaging technology. Critics assert that this technology invades privacy and refer it as "virtual strip search" (Seidenstat 276)
In order to address the privacy concerns, the TSA should install new software on the AIT machines. These will auto-detect all items that could pose a threat by implementing a generic framework of an individual for all the air passengers (O'Hanlon, 2011)
VIPR -- This stands for Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response. It comprises of "federal air marshals, surface transportation security inspectors, transportation security officers, behavior detection officers and explosives detection canine teams" (Ackley, 2013, p
checkpoints. Federal Air Marshal Service -- They mainly work in an aircraft; their key roles being to identify, thwart, and neutralize onboard threats (Bumgarner, 2006, p
The 20 layers of security include: Intelligence, customs and border protection, joint terrorism task force, no-fly list and passenger pre-screening, crew vetting, VIPR, canines, behavior detection officers, travel document checker, checkpoint/transportation security officers, checked baggage, transportation security inspectors, random employee screening, bomb appraisal officers, federal air marshal service, federal flight deck officers, trained flight crew, law enforcement officers, hardened cockpit door, passengers. (Seidenstat and Splane, 2009, p
Airport Security Improvements Security Improvement #1: Developing newer, more effective and innovative airport security cameras The justification for this development is to ensure that passengers or travelers at the airport do not have to constantly take off their belts, coats, shoes and placing them in the conveyor bins. This is a process that brings about long queues in the airport security checkpoints all over (Marsh, 2014)
Positive Attributes The positive attribute of this security improvement is that it enhances the hospitality rendered in the airport. In turn, this increases the possibility of passengers returning to use the airport yet again and comfortably using such airlines (Moskvitch, 2015)
To start with, the system will be able to detect and distinguish any kind of explosives or bombs that might endanger the safety of the individuals within the airport. In general, this improvement will contribute to the control of terrorism acts and also hasten the checking of baggage and possessions of passengers (Subramanian, 2015)
As Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek have demonstrated, transportation systems can be hacked and vehicles hijacked using computers, such as the kind Miller and Valsek used to remotely hijack a Jeep Cherokee that was being driven ten miles away (Greenberg, 2015). There are hypotheses that the airplanes that were used on 9/11 were remotely hijacked in order to ensure that the planes hit precisely in the destinations that they were intended to hit (Corbett, 2011)
S. government has already seen its systems hacked in 2015 and the social security numbers of more than 20 million people stolen (Davis, 2015)