It incorporates both mechanical and natural approaches to organized surveillance. Essentially, mechanical approaches to organized surveillance could in this case include, but they are not limited to, guard and police patrols, surveillance cameras, and lighting (Atlas, 2007)
While the Amendment specifically forbids 'unreasonable searches and seizures;' it outlines parameters for proper search warrants but does not specifically describe when such warrants are required. As a result, some authorities have argued that a warrant-preference standard is not required by the Fourth Amendment and that only a general reasonableness standard is required to determine the constitutionality of searches and seizure" (Minert, 2006, p
These are certainly powerful arguments in support of the security measures being used in the nation's airports. Despite these achievements, there are a number of issues involved in the deployment and administration of innovative security procedures that transcend traditional methods that raise concerns about privacy invasion and the inordinate delays these procedures cause in busy airport terminals (Wallis, 2003)
It finally shows how the port security measures have evolved, the container security measures, container security initiatives, the customs trade partnership against terrorism, secure Freight Initiative and the Future of the SAFE port Act. This article is therefore an eye opener when it comes to port and maritime security since it shows how it evolved, its current status and what it actually covers (Kapperman, 2012)
To manage and lead a security force, a security manager must be able to: Plan, direct, organize and coordinate workforce, Minimize conflict Maintaining an effective interpersonal relationship, Resolve and identify supervisory problems, Direct employees to meet the departmental objectives, Be aware of employees' physical and mental health conditions, Maintain employee demeanor and maintaining appropriate social standards, Develop measurable and normative performance standards. Be competent in concepts of planning and budgeting. (Christopher, 2009)
Paul Garcia was violating the law when he carried a loaded firearm to the airport even before he purportedly murdered Gerardo Hernandez, Transportation Security Administration agent and wounded other individuals. His violation of the law by carrying the gun is attributed to the fact that Federal Law forbids passengers from bringing their guns onto airplanes or beyond the security checkpoint (Felde, 2013)
These calls are partly fueled by the recent killing of one of them at Los Angeles International Airport. While the Transportation Security Administration does not expect an immediate overhaul of its overall security policy in the aftermath of the incident at LAX, the enactment of this bill into legislation would help enhance airport security (Hampson, 2013)
Thirdly, many airports all over the world have been compelled to employ extra security staff and technologies to curb the adverse effects of the international terrorism. This has considerably increased their operational costs (Gray, 2002)
Furthermore the San Lorenzo Mega port will have simple way into the Atlantic by a proposed railway. Its arrangement is to link the globe to Latin America via Callao, in Peru (Grech, Horberry and Koester, 2008)
A. And other North American countries who have sustained the maritime industry have made important contributions to the current state of affairs of North America in the global marketplace (Kristiansen, 2004)
The main areas of discussion are on the critical factors that are likely to hinder the enhancement of seaport security. He starts by acknowledging the fact that concerns have been shifted towards airport security (Vesky, 2008)
Airport Security In the current analysis responses from five participants were evaluated. While this thematic analysis was undertaken with no a priori theoretical guidelines, we can still anticipate that the reactions to any organizational policy can fall into three general categories: positive, negative, and/or neutral (Tyler and De Cremer 2005)
While this thematic analysis was undertaken with no a priori theoretical guidelines, we can still anticipate that the reactions to any organizational policy can fall into three general categories: positive, negative, and/or neutral (Tyler and De Cremer 2005). Thus, while this is an a priori assumption it is very broad and does not violate the principle of not attempting to identify theoretical concepts while coding data in a thematic qualitative analysis (Willig 2008)
Many of the long-standing methods of passenger screening are still quite viable and effective today, and would be essential in an airport designed for enhanced security. The beginning of the hallway leading from the entrance hub to the shopping area of the airport would be used for passenger screening, as this has been deemed more effective and efficient than searches conducted immediately prior to boarding (Cate 2009)
Security Personnel The proper and effective screening, training, and deployment of the human resources in a security force is the first priority in the development of an effective airport security strategy and design. Though the rapid rate of technological development, especially in areas that are of specific relevance to security and access control, promises to play an ever-growing role in maintaining airport security, human observers are still necessary for the evaluation of technologically gathered information (Diedam 2008; Klauser 2009)
Security walls and fences surrounding the perimeter of the airport would complete the functional security of this particular airport structural design, barring unauthorized access from outside. Passenger Screening Though security could most easily be affected by simply barring all movement from on area of the airport to another, this is an impractical solution that would eliminate the functionality of the airport (Klauser 2009; McCartney 2009)
Such monitoring would occur in a highly centralized location, which could then also serve as the command hub for the deployment of the first force or visible security personnel, creating a stronger and therefore more efficient integration between the two security forces (Diedam 2008). Shifting the focus of security from the visible presence to unseen monitoring would also be affected by this organization of security personnel, which could be beneficial to the overall efficacy of the security operation as a whole (McCartney 2009)
The first force consists of the personnel members typically seen by the public policing and monitoring the terminals and other public areas in the airport, screening baggage and passengers through the use of x-ray imaging metal detectors, and random searches. The second part of the security personnel force would remain largely unseen, monitoring and analyzing information from various technological and first-force sources to determine efficient deployment of resources by identifying areas and individuals of high-risk and thereby streamlining security processes and methods on the ground (McLay et al
A large part of the problem in implementing security measures has been the conflicts and simple lack of organization that exist between the many different interests and operators involved in any given port. In the near-decade since the passage of the Homeland Security Act, port control for many ports has become more standardized both federally and internationally (Beisecker 2006)
One of the primary effects of the Act and the attacks in this regard has been the refocusing of energies and efforts to an examination of port vulnerabilities and corrective measures. Port security was not on the forefront of most authorities' minds in the period leading up to September 11, and though some would argue that it is still not the primary concern of the multiple interests involved in maintaining port security there has been a marked increase of governmental attention to port security at all levels, especially the federal level (Hecker 2002)