76% of the participants in the survey indicated that they had seen a pornographic magazine; while 67% of the respondents noted that they had watched a pornographic film. Only 24% of the survey participant claimed to have viewed pornography on the Internet (Traeen, Spitznogle & Beverfjord, 2004)
In addition, psychologists have discovered that male subjects (just after watching pornography) are more likely to express misogynistic attitudes. But as professor Kendall points out, we need to be clear on what those experiments are testing: They are testing the effects of watching pornography in a controlled laboratory setting under the eyes of a researcher (Landsburg, 2006)
While admittedly dependent mostly on anecdotal information, some of it is compelling. In one case, a man who said he had participated in over a hundred pornographic movies testified at the Commission hearings in Los Angeles as follows: "I, myself, have been on a couple of sets where the young ladies have been forced to do even anal sex scenes with a guy which [sic] is rather large and I have seen them crying in pain" (Russell)
Nightmares and flashbacks associated with posttraumatic behavioral stress are the common problems they may face. Their nature becomes bitter and inconsistent and while trying to cope with traumatic events of child sexual abuse, the victims often gets depressed, they can involve in prostitution or drug addiction, they may attempt suicide too (Kornegay, 2006)
It is difficult to regulate news groups, chat rooms and commercial online service and to check and stop activities involved with child pornography that are going on internet. (Stewart, 1997) The long-term effects of child pornography can be extremely painful for children and some children may face such situational stresses and depression that can force them towards drug addiction and other serious ills (O'Meara, 1999)
Their nature becomes bitter and inconsistent and while trying to cope with traumatic events of child sexual abuse, the victims often gets depressed, they can involve in prostitution or drug addiction, they may attempt suicide too (Kornegay, 2006). It should be clear that effects of sexual child abuse vary from person to person (Sanderson, 2006)
During those periods, child pornography could have been distributed only by means of common governmental mail services or through some clandestine distribution networks. (Stewart, 1997) During the mid-1980's, the home video technology evolved and it changed the scenario for child pornography
271). From a broad perspective, then, the argument could be made that by demeaning and victimizing women, pornographers are committing hate crimes that are motivated by "gender, sexual orientation or gender identity" (Coker, p
A summary of the research and important findings concerning these issues are provided in the conclusion. Review and Discussion The issue of pornography has long been the source of controversy for many Western societies, particularly with respect to its implications for gender roles and sexuality (Lofgren-Martenson & Mansson, 2010)
S. Supreme Court has held that local community standards should apply to the definition of pornography and that a national definition was not required (Moretti, 1984)
29). Other critics charge that the use of pornography is a form of infidelity and that pornography is deviant and objectifies the women it depicts (Poulsen, Dean & Galovan, 2013)
245). Many critics maintain that "pornography implicitly endorses recreational sex" in ways that endanger the physical and emotional health of consumers (Sullum, 2009, p
Even the United States Supreme Court distinguishes between pornography and obscenity, with only the latter being unprotected by the First Amendment. It is, therefore, important to understand that the law disallows only 'obscene' pornographic material, which is defined as material that appeals to a sick, morbid, and shameful interest in sex; depicts offensive sexual acts that goes beyond socially acceptable behavior; and taken as a whole, lacks any political, artistic, literary or scientific value (Cline, 2001)
In fact, research shows that "males who are exposed to a great deal of erotica before the age of 14 are more sexually active and engage in more varied sexual behaviors as adults than males who were not so exposed." (Hughes, 1998)
While some of these effects such as physical and somatic complaints are short-term, others stay with the victim carrying over into adulthood. For example, adult women who were sexually abused as children report that the negative emotions experienced led to drug abuse, sexual dysfunction, negative self-image, and even allowing repeated victimization (Maney & Wells, p
The contradiction is that the very traits that make children endearing, render them that much more vulnerable to sexual exploitation. Thus, it is difficult for parents who are caught between encouraging their children to explore their world and trust it while at the same time warning them about the dangers lurking there especially from pedophiles (O'Grady, 2001)
For example, researchers Azy Barak and William a. Fisher report, "individuals who approach Internet sexuality with strong arousal responses and positive affective and cognitive responses to sexuality will be more inclined to incorporate elements of Internet sexual scenarios into their covert and overt sexual behavior" (Fisher and Barak)
One Australian expert, Dr. Michael Flood, defines pornography as "sexually explicit media that are primarily intended to sexually arouse the audience'" (Flood 2)
They now total approximately 170,000. "Cybersex" or "cyberporn" came hand-in-glove with global interconnectivity" (Lo and Wei)
Feminists and women around the world decry this form of pornography, and it has been shown that rape pornography desensitizes the viewers and makes them think these acts are socially and morally acceptable. Another researcher, Catherine Helen Palczewski, notes that more and more women believe that pornography berates and belittles women, and that "pornography is the ideology of a culture which promotes and condones rape, woman-battering, and other crimes of violence against women" (Palczewski)