Economically ruined, socially dislocated, corrupted, and demoralized by forty-odd years of communist rule" the populist movements of Eastern Europe would be left with a considerable vacuum in terms of resources, infrastructural capability or experiential wherewithal to create a 'new reality' for the former Soviet sphere. (Lovell, 67) in the fallout of the Cold War, a new reality had been forged in which countless states were thrust into an abyss of self-governance and, consequently, in which a great many local and regional conflicts would be provoked by a vacuum of power
Its Charter was designed to make the organization a consequential rather than strictly theoretical advocate of peace, and although "the Charter does not expressly provide powers to the Council for peace-keeping forces, the International Court of Justice in a 1962 case found that the Council has an implied power for this purpose." (Sarooshi, 1) This is an implied power, though, which over a period of decades has earned a misconception of roles
Its Charter was designed to make the organization a consequential rather than strictly theoretical advocate of peace, and although "the Charter does not expressly provide powers to the Council for peace-keeping forces, the International Court of Justice in a 1962 case found that the Council has an implied power for this purpose." (Sarooshi, 1) This is an implied power, though, which over a period of decades has earned a misconception of roles
(United Nations Peacekeeping Forces - History of Organization) Irrespective of the efficacy of the UN peacekeeping forces over the last 50 years some circumstances have proven to be intractable, and the peace keeping missions have associated with open-ended commitments. (U.N. Peacekeeping: Issues Related to Effectiveness, Cost, and Reform) the degeneration of the Soviet Union and the culmination of the Cold War have varied the international conditions in that UN Peacekeepers presently function
S. State Department to issue an entry visa to Abkahzia's Foreign Minister Sergei Shamba caused severe criticism of its American colleagues from the Russian Foreign Ministry" (Areshev, 2007)
The major issue constituted the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was created as a region of Azerbaijan but where the majority was Armenian, "the ration being two to one." (Calvocoressi, 1996) More precisely, conflict emerged and "first the Armenians won, then the Azerbaijanis, and then the Armenians again
Finally, the limited success of the peace talks between Armenia and Azerbaijan can also be the result of the exclusion from the peace talks of the legitimate president of the Nagorno-Karabakh region. In this sense, "Arkady Ghukasian, president of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR), said that Baku's refusal to hold direct talks with members of the Karabakh leadership is slowing down mediation efforts on the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh" (Fuller, 2006)
All of these situations are in flux, and a conflict can grow in intensity very rapidly." (Naumkin, 1994, 1) Therefore, it can be stated that the former Soviet Union transformed latent ethnic conflicts into active conflicts which resulted in clashes between the Armenians and the Azerbaijanis in the early years of the 90s
In this sense, "Georgia's geopolitical importance -- both as a "transit state" for the export of Caspian hydrocarbons and as a frontline state in the global "war on terrorism" remains constant" () However, the second aspect of this issue is its political capacity to act as a unitary and rational state. Moreover, "its current internal fragility could ultimately negate that strategic value" (Rousseau, 2003)
Thus the Warsaw Pact served the purpose of preserving the social system and securing the socio-economic development of the coalition, by repelling the perceived threat from the West. With the defeat of the Soviet Union in the Cold War, these interests changed abruptly, and a reorientation of the Eastern bloc's ruling elites to Western-type free-market economies ensued" (Zverev, 1996)
Military Intervention and Peacekeeping ISLAMABAD, Pakistan, April 19, 2009 -- A potentially troubling era dawned Sunday in Pakistan's Swat Valley, where a top Islamist militant leader, emboldened by a peace agreement with the federal government, laid out an ambitious plan to bring a "complete Islamic system" to the surrounding northwest region and the entire country (Constable)
This would help secure Pakistan's "core" before "retaking" regions controlled by Islamic fundamentalists. (Hartung)
-backed Pakistani government which currently possesses nuclear weapons. The Pakistani military have steadfastly opposed direct American intervention for many years (Hayden)
is to have partners in the region who seek to marginalize al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations, as well as to maintain and promote stability in the region (Minor). Current Concerns The most likely possible dangers are these: a complete collapse of Pakistani government rule that allows an extreme Islamist movement to fill the vacuum; a total loss of federal control over outlying provinces, which splinter along ethnic and tribal lines; or a struggle within the Pakistani military in which the minority sympathetic to the Taliban and al-Qaeda try to establish Pakistan as a state sponsor of terrorism (Kagan and O'Hanlon)
Pakistani efforts in the war on terrorism have suffered due to a lack of resolve and military capabilities, as well as a general distrust of the United States. To combat and diminish the threat posed by al Qaeda and the Taliban, the Coalition must pursue a strategy of constructive engagement and unconditioned inducements (Minor)
Specifically, this economic aid should focus on education so that Pakistanis are less reliant on madrassas (Islamic religious schools). A plan to intensify missile strikes will underscore President Obama's goal to "disrupt, dismantle and defeat" Al Qaeda in Pakistan and Afghanistan, as well as to strike at other militant groups allied with Al Qaeda (Spiegel and Meyer)
S. military's Special Operations Command for deploying Special Forces troops in Pakistan's frontier regions for the purpose of training indigenous militias to combat forces aligned with the Taliban and Al Qaeda (Van Auken)
In contemporary society, conflict tends to be associated with nationalism, political legacy, unresolved religious or ethnic conflict, the presence of corrupt and repressive regimes, and -- importantly -- long-standing unequal access to critical resources (Pederson, 2002). To these variable but conventional formulas associated with the emergence of conflict, comes a new multiplier: climate change (Barnett & Adger, 2007)
Although the concept of structural violence indicates long-term, intractable social and cultural arrangements, it also suggests opportunity for governments to tackle socioeconomic sources of conflict. It follows that states fail to address tensions through early, meaningful, systematic, and peaceful structural and cultural corrections (Galtung, 1990)
Accounting for the Emergence of Conflict Accounting for Emergence of Conflict Presumably, a primary reason for accounting for the emergence of conflict is to use whatever knowledge is gained in efforts to prevent conflict. Conflict prevention theory suggests the following identifiable key stages of conflict: Latent conflict, manifest limited conflict, and escalating violent conflict (Lund, 2009)