Some of the most fundamental research that needs to be collected before the latter half of the study occurs is concrete findings which determine which specific group (a or B) to place the boys into for research. "Parenting styles convey parents' overall feeling about the child through body language, tone of voice, emotional displays and quality of attention" (Benson & Haith, 2010, p
In turn, this positive model will influence their later relationships in a healthy way. In contrast, children who develop a working model that the world is insensitive may be at risk for poor adjustment or difficult relationships" (Comer & Gould, 2012, p
Parenting Styles and the Impact of Alcohol Consumption of College Freshmen Aged Men Introduction to Area of Interest Whether or not parents want to admit it, they have the biggest and most profound impact upon their children's lives than anyone else. Parents, by nurturing and encouraging their children, can develop securely attached children; overly criticizing children or punishing them in an overly-harsh way can develop children who are anxious or aggressive (Harris, 2011)
For instance, "Securely attached participants' parental representations were characterized by differentiation, elaboration, benevolence, and non-punitiveness. Representations by dismissing participants were characterized by less differentiation and more punitiveness and malevolence" (Levy et al
Hence the features of authoritative parenting style of Baumrind's theory is seems to be practiced in Canadian culture. Parenting Styles in Japan Based on past research, all three dimensions of authoritative parenting (connection, Regulation, and autonomy granting) seem to exist in the context of Japanese culture (Golombok, 2000)
All the impacts and influences on parenting style are deeply studied and discussed. Early years of learning in a child's life is believed to make a significant difference in the way they develop and go on to learn throughout their lives (Kim, 1999)
All these factors play a vital role on parenting style adopted by parents. According to the overall study of different parenting styles authoritative parenting is considered the most effective with fruitful and positive impacts on children's overall brought up as compared to other three parenting styles (Pressley & McCormick, 2007)
The resultant symptoms could be anything from social withdrawal, academic problems, school behavior problems, anxiety and depression. The ecological systems theory suggests that a child's behavioral development is influenced by multiple interacting factors including school, culture, neighborhood, and family (Cohen, 2006)
Authoritative Parenting Recent decades have seen a resurgence of interest in identifying the external and internal factors that place children at risk for behavioral problems. Adjustment disorders have particularly been on the limelight, with recent statistics showing that approximately one-third of adolescents suffer from some form of adjustment disorder, compared to only 10% of the adult population (Schonbeck, 2006)
The influence of parenting styles may occur through verbal interactions, parental beliefs and attributions, and discipline strategies related to their social class. The influence may also arise from their expectation in terms of achievement and the way they relate the social status of parents (Krause, 2009)
, 2007). As indicated previously, peers can influence behavior (Almodovar et al
, 2010). Parenting styles have been identified as a dominant determinant of children's behavior, but this influence becomes less important as young people grow older (Altay & Gure, 2012)
This literature review was interpreted using an attachment theory lens based on its focus on parent-child relationships which, as noted above, have been shown to have an effect on attitudes about alcohol. Attachment theory researchers are interested in the bonds and relations between individuals, especially lasting relationships such as parent-child bonds and associations between couples (Bowlby, 1978)
In some societies, young people are allowed to enjoy a glass of wine at dinner with the adult members of the family and nothing negative is associated with the practice. Likewise, the legal drinking age varies from country to country, and some countries such as Japan offer alcoholic beverages in vending machines which are accessible by all (Balko, 2010)
An influencing factor in adolescent and young adult alcohol consumption is parenting style. Researchers have found that there is a relationship between parenting style and adolescents' attitudes, knowledge and behavior with respect to alcohol use (Ballantine, 2009)
A parenting style is a set of attitudes communicated to a child creating an emotional environment in which the behaviors of the parents are expressed (Ballantine, 2009). Parenting styles usually communicate parent attitudes toward their children rather than their attitudes about specific behavior (Barnes et al
A parenting style is a set of attitudes communicated to a child creating an emotional environment in which the behaviors of the parents are expressed (Ballantine, 2009). Parenting styles usually communicate parent attitudes toward their children rather than their attitudes about specific behavior (Barnes et al
Social development theory focuses on the interaction or connection between individuals and the environment in which they operate. Vygotsky argued that social development depends on social interactions, which means cognitive development occurs only through interactions with other individuals (Bodrova & Leong, 2007)
) while further complimenting their status by assimilating outside the group (Moody, & White, 2003). Finally, the underpinnings of group dynamics carry social comparison processes, both among inter-group members and various out-groups (Brown, 2000)
, 2012). The World Health Organization recommends AUDIT to identify excess alcohol use/dependence and "provides a framework for intervention," as it is designed for health care practitioners in a "range of health settings" (Babor et al