According to Cohen, "The origins of this treatment of [organizational] commitment perhaps lie principally in the work of Porter and his associates and has been termed affective commitment and value commitment" (p. 19). The growing body of organizational behavior literature (Meyer
According to Cohen, "The origins of this treatment of [organizational] commitment perhaps lie principally in the work of Porter and his associates and has been termed affective commitment and value commitment" (p. 19). The growing body of organizational behavior literature (Meyer
According to Cohen, "The origins of this treatment of [organizational] commitment perhaps lie principally in the work of Porter and his associates and has been termed affective commitment and value commitment" (p. 19). The growing body of organizational behavior literature (Meyer
collected data for their initial survey through a supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS). The data showed that the "contingent" worker was more likely to be female, black, young, and enrolled in school, with more than 10% being teachers (Polivka, 1996)
However, the increase may be due to the way in which the hours of input are calculated. In the past, the OECD counted each employee, yet due to the increase of the "contingent" workers internationally as well as in the United States, the OECD has changed their measuring system to "hours actually worked," in stead of pure head count (Schreyer, 2001)
The proposed study intends to use the 20-question short form. Each question in the MSQ is a 5-point Likert-scaled response ranging from very dissatisfied to very satisfied (Schwab, 2005)
For example, Toutkoushian and Bellas (2003) report that while contingent workers in educational settings are frequently used in ways that are beneficial both to institutions and to the individual faculty member, the increased use of these white-collar contingent workers is a dramatic departure from prevoius conceptions of higher education and in the conditions of employment for faculty. According to these authors, "While part-time faculty are often portrayed as being marginalized contingent workers who are poorly paid and comprise a lower caste of faculty, research shows that this description fits some, but not all part-time faculty" (Toutkoushian & Bellas, p
Nonetheless, their lower compensation, often narrowly defined tasks, and lack of professional support and opportunity tend to diminish their professional contribution." (Benjamin, p
The article finds that, in fact, "the present research showed employees with more than nine years' tenure had higher levels of affective commitment than those with less than one year's tenure, suggesting that affective commitment strengthens with tenure." (English et al