Cope continues the breakdown of these entrepreneurial characteristics and cognitive faculties in accordance with behavioral learning theory. Cope re-states the important point that the entrepreneurial personality brings to the organization the pioneering spirit - the willingness to undertake a brand new, and potentially risky, venture (Cope, 2005)
Crossan and Dutta believe that entrepreneurship involves processes of both personal and organizational learning. (Dutta & Crossan, 2005) Expanding on that theme, Lumpkin identifies three forms of learning that link entrepreneurship and organizational success - behavioral learning, cognitive learning, and action learning
A modern learning organization is shaped by its organizational behavioral paradigm. The significance of change, and the concomitant importance of adapting to that change, makes the behavioral structure of a successful modern business much like the behavioral mindset of a successful entrepreneur (Harrison & Leitch, 2005) - the main difference being that the first is an organization, while the second is an individual
Honig notes that action is a by-product of exploitation, resource acquisition and coordination. (Honig, 2001) Action is a natural result of the cognitive process, Informed action is a function of the existence of knowledge about the relationship between specific actions and outcomes
(Dutta & Crossan, 2005) Expanding on that theme, Lumpkin identifies three forms of learning that link entrepreneurship and organizational success - behavioral learning, cognitive learning, and action learning. (Lumpkin, 2005) Each of these processes is, according to Lumpkin, "emergent and iterative, usually changing over time and often involving multiple layers of analysis
Entrepreneurship is, in fact, considered a special subset of cognitive psychology - a fairly well established area of research. (Mitchell et al
Men and women with cognitive skills are able to use their pre-existing stock of knowledge to discover and enhance business opportunities. (Politis, 2005) These pre-existing sources of information relate not only to company-, and opportunity-specific, knowledge, but also to general knowledge
(Honig, 2001) Shepherd and Krueger specifically studied entrepreneurial teams within companies and concluded that the actions taken by these teams were as significant to business success as the more traditionally individual decisions of lone entrepreneurs. (Shepherd & Krueger, 2002) Speaking of what they term "collective efficiency," Shepherd and Krueger point out that, If fellow team members are needed to support an intention
In this context, the learning curves followed by the collective of entrepreneurs place that collective of entrepreneurs within the still larger setting of the global marketplace. Taylor and Asheim refer to an economic geography that is more than merely a map of where economic activities take place (Taylor & Asheim, 2001, p
The same goes for the organizational heads they are supposed to remove the cultural differences, improve the uniformity and equity and fair organizational system to all levels of hierarchy and people. The researchers found that if the employees are motivated, they tend to exhibit good behavior to the customers that makes a good image in customer's eyes for the services you render (Bienstock, DeMoranville and Smith, 2003, p
These are the companies who hold the greatest responsibility on their shoulders to follow the ethics as their company policy by having employee relations and to know the cultural aspects of any country. It is the organization's responsibility to operate ethical while entering a new country as they have to create their own image in the people's eyes (Mahdavi, 2001)
It is mandatory for each employee to exhibit a competent behavior to every customer whether big or small. The researcher found that the ethical behavior always help to control the temperament of an individual (Morf, Schumacher and Vitell, 1999, p
Formal groups according to Griffin and Moorhead (2011) are established by an entity for the performance of the said entity's duties or work. On the other hand, informal groups in the opinion of the authors "are formed by their members and consist of friendship groups, which are relatively permanent and interest groups, which may be shorter lived" (Griffin and Moorhead 2011, p
3.5 Adjourning This is the stage in which the group is broken-up, disbanded or 'unformed' after the accomplishment of the task which informed its formation in the first place (Martin, 2005)
Such a system promotes the process of advocacy rather than the process of inquiry. Advocacy involves asserting one's own point-of-view to the exclusion of other alternatives, while inquiry involves approaching a problem with a focus on understanding all variables and possible solutions (Eisner, 2005, p
Alternatives can be generated in several ways. Leaders can rely on their "training, personal experience, education, and knowledge of the situation" to create alternatives (Lewis et al
In April of 1985, Coca-Cola, the longtime leader in soft drink sales, decided to replace its original formula with a new recipe. The decision was made based on positive results from a few consumer taste tests (Walton, 2010, p
They have, however, had challenges in the past when growing via acquisition. Sometimes the acquired company does not adjust well to the FedEx culture, and this happened most prominently with the acquisition of Kinko's, a company that had a dramatically different culture (Goldgeier, 2007)
This does not just attract good workers, but it also provides an element of motivation. Whether you subscribe to Maslow's hierarchy or Herzberg's two-factor theory, by providing this element of security at a time when many American corporations cannot do so, FedEx provides some motivation for the employee to be loyal to the company -- loyalty begets loyalty in this case (Riley, 2012)
¶ … FedEx was founded by Fred Smith, an ex-Marine who served in Vietnam, and the company retains strong elements of military culture (Smith, 2008)