There are trade unions, but the government plays a strong role in the activities of the unions and in ensuring that conflict between union and business is minimal. For example, the government and one of the largest unions issued a new plan together to collect more funds from enterprise to go to a worker's reserve fund (Walsh & Lin, 2012)
Gift-giving is also a part of Chinese business culture. It has been advised that gifts are for the organization, not specific individuals (Hays, 2008)
20). In fact, researchers are actively pursuing software solutions that can integrate the four discrete sources of flight delays to formulate alternatives based on weather and congestion conditions at other airports (Hasan & Hammad, 2010)
569). In fact, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has long recognized the need to develop improved approaches to organizing American air space to facilitate flight scheduling and to allow more planes to fly during the same period of time (Kahn, 2009)
might require a longer check-in time) can be automatically used to infer the 'best' route. In a further perspective, a 'travel companion' could infer necessary changes of the travel plan by considering online information such as flight delays and proposing a 'plan B'" (Niemann et al
"Teams and training programs are complementary." (Adams, 2002) it is observed that a self-managed work team is more valuable to a company if the types of products manufactured are of high volatility and the product life cycle is short
In the business sense, trust is having confidence in the partner or workers to conduct and perform their task in a manner agreed on. (Child, 2001) Organizations are faced with two types of uncertainties when undertaking collaborations -- the uncertainties of the future contingencies and the reaction of the business partner to the future contingencies that may occur
Studies indicate that diverse teams tend to perform either better or worse than homogeneous ones, with more performing worse than better. (DiStefano & Maznevski, 2000) Globalization has brought to the doorstep of many organizations, cultural and social issues that did not exist as recently as 20-30 years back
In addition, the rush to diversify and gain market share has forced companies to form alliances and collaborative ventures in order to obtain market share for their products. (Duarte & Snyder, 2001) Trust, Child identifies, is the most important factor in any organizational relationship
"Work teams were central to the success of lean production." (Dyer, 1995) In the past, mass- and batch-production were the norm in manufacturing and production-based organizations
(Jarvenpaa & Leidner, 1998) successful example of virtual HPWT was demonstrated at Boeing. (Foster, 2003) the need for smaller aircrafts flying longer routes was emerging
Thorne realized that in order to improve its operations, the company had to ensure that "consistent information is cascaded through the business to shop-floor level." (ILO, 2000) the company was wise in realizing that it was important to involve workers at all levels in the planning and the decision making undertaken to develop strategies and plans for the organization
Studies indicate that virtual teams communicate differently as compared to face-to-face teams. (Jarvenpaa & Leidner, 1998) successful example of virtual HPWT was demonstrated at Boeing
"It provides both a measure of and a target for quality, together with a set of techniques that help practitioners remove the defects that inhibit service quality." (Jones, 2004) the objective of six-sigma is to reduce the number of defects that the process generates thereby improving the quality and performance of the process
Kirkman, Gibson and Shapiro identified that a teams that had higher levels of resistance (to team concepts) also had lower levels of productivity, cooperation, and empowerment. (Kirkman, Gibson, & Shapiro, 2001) Cultural values are important for any society
Often, when teams are perceived to be well managed, senior management have a tendency of ignoring symptoms and sign of discontent and drift in the HPWT when they arise. (Levy, 2001) When HPWT perceive that management does not address their issues and concerns, they might begin operating in isolation
" (Dyer, 1995) In the past, mass- and batch-production were the norm in manufacturing and production-based organizations. (McClure, Aft, & Schmeidler, 2003) in recent times, however, the lead times have reduced
"Sustaining emotional and psychological health is just as crucial as developing critical awareness" in any workforce. (Nesbit, 2004) by the turn of the 20th century, it was becoming clear that businesses, unions and governments had to work together to achieve any level of improvement
By virtue of this, the group is able to offer great levels of flexibility and knowledge to the organization. (Olson & Branch, n
Berry, through his article, "The employee as customer," introduced a new dimension to the image of a company's customer. (Porter, 1996) This is true of manufacturing organizations that have been around for a long time and were often managed using either a traditional or bureaucratic form of management