Marilyn Ray's assumption is that the fundamental change that needs to occur is not so much in the system itself as it is in the relationship of the system with the people working within it. According to Ray, the bureaucratic nursing system is necessary for the optimal functioning of hospital systems and patient care (Ray, Davidson, and Turkel, 2011)
Having considered Watson and Ray, it is concluded that Ray's theory is the optimal choice for further study, as she provides an integrated and practical nursing setting to help leaders create the environment in which employees can function to fulfill their caring mission to the best of their ability. The basic premise of Watson's theory is that nursing is that it should function within a Caring Science orientation (Watson, 2008, p
Practice refers to populations based on criteria such as blended tenets that are developed by the government agencies in the health sector. The sector focuses on various elements of populations that possess favorable health concerns and characteristics (Brownson, Colditz & Proctor, 2012)
The approach allows for usage of the innovative and participatory community strategies such as Photovoice and GIS mapping for the designing of substance use among prevention program. The most implicated parts include the south rural, which is tobacco-growing County (Davies, 2010)
The responsibility of public health is shared between provincial, territorial, and federal governments. Aboriginal Peoples' organizations and municipalities are involved in enacting regulations and laws that are purposed towards the protection of both the public and professionals (Gauld, 2009)
The evolution conducts environmental assessment and community based on the approach and identification of cultural, contextual, and ecological factors. There are substance-using adolescent and substance-free lifestyles that influence the lifestyles (Lofgren & Leeuw, 2011)
The establishment of core competencies, as well as guidance based on ethnographic and community participation, allows public health nurses to empower populations and communities. The system is more involving in terms of community health prevention and promotion (Mitchell, Fisher & Wallen, 2010)
Secondary prevention includes treatment of problems within early stages. The approach prevents impacts from long-term and serious effects from affecting other populations (Parker & Smith, 2010)
The developments demonstrate dominant concerns for greater success for all people while subsequent interests are based on the priorities taken to promote the best interests of individuals and the groups. Community nursing create socially, economically, and environmentally healthy conditions for people to live (Schim, Benkert, Bell & Danford, 2007)
Tertiary prevention in Community nursing involves prevention of existing problems from falling victim of misappropriation while considering each level of practice. Individual and family-focused health care practice articulates matters of changes attitude, knowledge, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals as part of respective groups (Yoder-Wise, 2012)
These assumptions explain the character of a person as a holistic being who has been seeking the knowledge to understand a basic state of self-actualization. These attributes enhance the adaptation of people to the environment around them and influence their achievement of a balanced life (Peterson & Bredow 2009)
Some may ask whether the form of behavior produces an outcome that is acceptable to the client who later perceives benefits related to health promotion. Nola's perception of an individual is the sum of precedent understanding and grouping of personal characteristics like Natal, mental, and other cultural related influences (Srof & Velsor-Friedrich, 2006)
For Middle Range Theory, the explicit and implicit assumptions underlying the hypothesis include the importance of caring in disease management and the role of the patient and nurse practitioners in caring. As a result, some of them major assumptions underlying the theory include the existence of differences in general self-care and illness-specific self-care and the need for focus attention and understanding for decision making (Jaarsma, Riegel & Stromberg, 2012, p
¶ … Nursing Practice The nursing field comprises different theories that are used to govern nursing practice through offering different perspectives and views of phenomena. A theory can be defined as the development of a link between concepts that create a certain view of a phenomenon (Jackson, n
The other factors that have influenced the creation of these theories include the need to go beyond descriptive studies to test links between nursing care and desired patient outcomes in large populations and creating scientific evidence to confirm the effect of nursing on patient outcomes. Moreover, mid-range theories were developed to conceptualize the productivity of nursing practice on these patient outcomes and being prepared with theory-based data that support visionary and relevant policy formulation (Kolcaba, 2001, p
The theory is not based on certain observations or generalizations but is rather based on the identification real structures and mechanisms towards health promotion and disease prevention. Middle Range Theory Middle Range Theory can be described as a hypothesis that emerges at the intersection of nursing practice and research, which implies that it exists on the middle rung (Liehr, 2005, p
This theory helps nursing professionals and practitioners to understand the main determinants of health behaviors at the key for behavioral counseling to enhance health lifestyles. The Health Promotion Model was first introduced in nursing literature in 1982 and revised in 1996 due to changes in theoretical views and empirical findings (Pender, 2011)
Through this theory, nurses encourage patients to take responsibility by implementing effective self-care practices that are self-initiated or based on nurses' recommendations. Middle Range Theory can be used in nursing education to borrow knowledge from other disciplines and apply to nursing practice (Peterson & Bredow, 2009, p
Given the absence of a clear, universal definition of caring, the theory does not include a description of the four metaparadigms concepts of nursing. The theory does not incorporate the four metaparadigm concepts of nursing since no more concepts are required to explain the phenomenon (Smith & Liehr, 2014, p
Despite the lack or inexistence of a universal conceptualization or definition of caring, the concept relates to various terms in the Middle Range Theory. The other way through which the concepts relate to the other terms in the theory is through the inclusion of personal actions and professional relationships in disease or illness management (Swanson, 1991, p