Will a change in North Korea's leadership likely result in a relaxation of negotiations in the future? 4. Failing diplomatic solutions, is a pre-emptive strike by the United States and its allies against North Korea's nuclear facilities out of the question? Based on the findings to the foregoing general research questions, the specific research question to be addressed by the proposed study is whether the United States can persuade North Korea to disarm its nuclear capability, and if so, how? Background and Context The United States has a staunch ally in South Korea and American businesses are heavily invested in the country's infrastructure (Rugman & Brewer 2001)
intelligence reports, he clearly asserts that North Korea "is a place so bizarre as to be beyond the ken of the modern world. The system is bizarre, the leader is loopy, and the entire North Korean situation is basically beyond our comprehension" (Scobell 2007, 117)
According to Park, songun was developed and promoted by Kim Jong-il. Songun is an extension of juche (Park)
government documents, Bruce Cumings argued that it was a civil war, and that the socialist state established in North Korea had considerable popular support at the time. Industry had been nationalized, land redistributed, and public education expanded to the workers and peasants, while the regime placed women and lower class men into positions of leadership (Cumings 427)
Kim sees Stalin as becoming more aggressive and overconfident by 1949-50, though, encouraged to go on the offensive in the Cold War by the successful test of the Soviet atomic bomb in 1949 and by the success of the Chinese Revolution that same year. Kim Il Sung "did not have the means to achieve his goal without Stalin's assistance," which he finally got in January 1950 (Kim 137)
He had indeed inveigled the Chinese and Soviets to support his bid for military conquest of the South in 1950, after the popular uprisings were defeated, and neither Stalin nor Mao was pleased with the results. No real coalition ever formed in North Korea to remove him from power, however, and "the challenge of Kim's opponents was no match for his talent for survival" (Suh 157)
14). In fact, what most observers in the West do not know, or chose to ignore, is the fact that Americans forces had been actively engaged in a series of military incursions into North Korea for months prior to the outbreak of hostilities in 1950 (Beal, 1998)
Even North Korea's staunchest and most influential ally, China, has been unable to help broker a peaceful solution. Following North Korea's withdrawal from the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty in 2003, the United States, China, Japan, North Korea, Russia and South Korea began what has been termed "the six-party negotiations" in 2003 in an attempt to resolve the differences between North and South Korea, but the on-again-off-again nature of these negotiations has been further constrained by North Korea's nuclear weapons program (Lund, 2009)
27). Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, archival data from the Korean War-era came to light that confirmed North Korea's preparations for war, but this evidence is countered by comparable evidence of preparations for war on the part of South Korea and the United States (Mccormack, 1994)
Of all of the tests and launches completed by the state -- including the 2006 nuclear test and the most recent rocket launch this past April -- all have failed, suggesting that even if the North Koreans were serious about starting warfare on a global scale, it is likely that they would lack the means to do so. More importantly, however, these past tests suggest that North Korea stages failing launches in such a way that it ads to the political mayhem surrounding the East-West conflict without doing much physical damage (Greco, 2009)
This was not only the crowning moment in the development of North Korea as the symbolic enemy of democracy and the United States, but it was also the moment that changed life for the Koreans who happened to be North of the 38th parallel. Experiencing a quality of life that is much lower than their Southern counterparts, as North Koreans suffer with a quality of life that is worse than even those in other totalitarian regimes, such as Cuba (Oh, 2007)
Actually, North Korea adopted a strategy that is geared towards combining the intelligence and security organs under the powerful National Defense Commission in its 2009 to 2010 re-organization. North Korea's intelligence collection capabilities are a direct reflection of the various missions undertaken by the country and its ability to carry out such operations (Erickson, 2009)
Actually, North Korea adopted a strategy that is geared towards combining the intelligence and security organs under the powerful National Defense Commission in its 2009 to 2010 re-organization. North Korea's intelligence collection capabilities are a direct reflection of the various missions undertaken by the country and its ability to carry out such operations (Erickson, 2009)
Cell-Phone Usage Detection: The other intelligence collection technique used by North Korea on the Korean Peninsula is the detection of cell-phone usage. The country strengthened the detection of cell-phone usage when 40 agents of National Security Agency inspection group were posted to Shinuiji (Jin, 2007)
These miscalculations are evident from the arrests of several spies while conducting spying missions. For instance, the country's female defector was arrested in 2008 for relaying information she received from army officers she had sexual relations with (Ji-sook, 2008)
This department accomplishes its mission by infiltrating intelligence personnel into South Korea through tunnels in seaborne insertion and demilitarized zones. These special operations and intelligence personnel were established to breach South Korea's fixed defense, develop a second force in the enemy's territory, and carry out strategic and battlefield investigations (Pike, n
This may not be all that surprising given Stalin's experiences during World War II with the German offensive sapping its manpower and resources while the Allied forces took their time in coordinating a D-Day invasion of the continent. At any rate, what is known is that, "Chinese and Russian sources verify that Mao and Stalin formed their Sino-Soviet alliance of friendship and security during Mao's visit to Moscow from December 1949 to February 1950" (Brune, 2005, p
This may not be all that surprising given Stalin's experiences during World War II with the German offensive sapping its manpower and resources while the Allied forces took their time in coordinating a D-Day invasion of the continent. At any rate, what is known is that, "Chinese and Russian sources verify that Mao and Stalin formed their Sino-Soviet alliance of friendship and security during Mao's visit to Moscow from December 1949 to February 1950" (Brune, 2005, p
On the other hand, the research also made it abundantly clear that there was more taking place that was released for public consumption throughout the war effort and for several decades following its end. As one critic puts it, "The Korean War nearly got us into a war on the Chinese mainland, made China dependent on the Soviet Union and made Sino-American relations impossible for a quarter-century" (Cumings 1986, p
S. had withdrawn all of its military forces from the Korean peninsula, Stalin felt assured that the United States would regard a military action by North Korea as a localized matter and remain out of the conflict (Fritz 2004)