Body Language in Interpersonal Communications: Body language is one of the most reliable and identifiable modes of nonverbal interpersonal communications. Posture, gait, and the way we use our limbs to occupy the physical space around us, especially in the presence of others, is an essential component of human nonverbal interpersonal communications (Fast, 1970)
Trained fighters, for example, and veterans of prolonged periods of potentially dangerous environments (such as ex-convicts released after years of incarceration) tend to continue to carry themselves very differently from other people. For this reason, veteran police officers report that they can often spot recent parolees simply by their posture and the way they walk (Fletcher, 1990)
Animals throughout the natural world use complex combinations of vocalizations and physical posturing to communicate everything from mating interest to displays of dominance and physical threats. Elephants trumpet loudly and flare their ears to intimidate perceived rivals and predators, both domesticated and wild dogs bark or growl and also use their tales to communicate their intentions, and whales slap the water with their flukes in threat displays while vocalizing specific complex calls that are understandable only to other members of their own pods (Moussaieff-Mason, 1995)
Elephants trumpet loudly and flare their ears to intimidate perceived rivals and predators, both domesticated and wild dogs bark or growl and also use their tales to communicate their intentions, and whales slap the water with their flukes in threat displays while vocalizing specific complex calls that are understandable only to other members of their own pods (Moussaieff-Mason, 1995). According to anthropologists, human communication also evolved from the primarily nonverbal methods of interpersonal communications behaviors relied upon by the earliest hominid species like Australopithecus and Ramapithecus, as dentition and cranial capacity became more human-like (Wenke, 1980)
It can be used in detecting deception during the interview or interrogation; it can be used in orchestrating your conduct and your witness's conduct during the course of the trial; it can be used to enhance your ability to communicate to the jury or to the court." (Peskin, p
Third, the SOP informs the officers on the street about how they should respond to an unexpected contact with a news reporter." (Wallace & Roberson, p
In a recent study, employers rated obese employees as less desirable when compared to normal weight employees of equal ability. Obese job applicants are often perceived as having poorer work habits, higher absences, and more likely to get ill than thinner applicants (Borrell, 2003)
Most people are judged on their physical appearance, which includes features, race, height, weight, hairstyles and image. In many situations, including dates and job interviews, a good physical appearance is of great importance (Cowley, 1996)
It regulates relationships and may support or replace verbal communication. Among the many factors contributing to nonverbal communication are sending and receiving ability and accuracy, perception of appropriate social roles, and cognitive desire for interpersonal involvement or assessment (Dunn, 2002)
" Recent studies reveal that body language and appearances are critical in developing business and personal relationships. Studies show that people have less than ten seconds to make a good first impression on those they come in contact with (Hogan, 2002)
The first concept to understand is the meaning of culture. Culture "describes activities or behaviors, refer to the heritage or tradition of a group, describe rules and norms" and otherwise describes "general characteristics" of a group (Matsumoto, chapter 1)