Current research indicates that it is not universal when it was shown that development of formal operational thought is largely dependent on the influence of secondary and post-secondary educational institutions. Evidence from researches shows that many adults do not use formal operational thinking and that others use a form of dialectical thinking that is not accounted for by Piaget's definition of formal operational thought (Squire, 2003)
This paper will review some of the most prominent theories of human development, discuss the nexus of human development and the neurological processes involved in the human body, and analyze the development and life progression processes human beings experience from birth through death. Much of the success of human beings is attributable to the very design of the human body; including a large bi-pedal body, a brain that is disproportionately large relative to that of body size, as well as an extended period of childhood, during which significant formative transitions occur (Ulijaszek et al
The brain is divided into two hemispheres and each one "communicates with the other through the corpus callosum" which is a bundle of nerve fibers (Washington University). Within those hemispheres are neurons (called "nuclei") and there are axons (called "tracts") (Chudler, 2006)
During the growth of the nervous system there are many more neurons produced by the body than will ever be needed. What happens is this over production of neurons results in a kind or "pre-programmed 'suicide' mechanism called apoptosis" (Marino, 2010)
When a police officer encounters a dangerous or threatening situation, he reacts much like primitive man when confronted by a large animal, Russell et al. explain (Russell, 1990, p
The drug can also "cause distorted perceptions, impaired coordination, difficulty with thinking and problem solving, and problems with learning and memory," (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). Regular or heavy pot smokers " show deficits in memory, concentration, and overall brainpower in relation to their peers, and the effects are greater the earlier a person starts smoking marijuana on a regular basis (Gardner, 2012)
When the THC is received by the cannabinoid receptors in these parts of the brain, it results in a "series of cellular reactions that ultimately lead to the 'high' that users experience when they smoke marijuana," (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2010). Although the high feels momentarily pleasurable, evidence shows that marijuana "is harmful to the brain," ("Marijuana's Lasting Effects on the Brain," 2012)
One research study shows that "the men who had taken THC had more psychotic symptoms like altered thinking (paranoid and delusional thoughts) than men who'd taken either CBD or placebo," (Walton, 2012). In terms of the physiological effects of marijuana, increased heart rate and red eyes are the primary physical symptoms (Taylor, 1996)
One of those chemicals is cannabidiol (CBD), which mitigates some of the ill side effects of THC consumption. One research study shows that "the men who had taken THC had more psychotic symptoms like altered thinking (paranoid and delusional thoughts) than men who'd taken either CBD or placebo," (Walton, 2012)
In other words, to be compatible with what has been learned through brain research, the learning environment and the curriculum should be structured loosely enough to allow the growth process to take place. (Kaufold & Kaufold, 2009,-Page 159) Difference in home and learning environments is an aspect that differentiated instruction acknowledges
Educational Neuroscience "The last 20 years have repeatedly brought to our attention the narrowing of the gap between the brain-sciences and the field of education" (Tommerdahl 2008)
But, since the 1980's aromachology has been demonstrated to have a measurable effect on people's moods, cognition, and behavior. (Goldstein 63) While there are many hypotheses as to why this may be so, it is generally believed that certain odors can influence the activity of cAMP which in turn influence the generator potential of olfactory receptor cells
Neuroscience is the study of brain mechanisms, how they function, how they are constructed, and how they relate to behavior (Kuhn & Koob, 2010)
In the case of John such techniques would have been useful in identifying particular vulnerabilities and biological indicators that suggest future risk factors. Intervention Neuroscience offers a unique opportunity to develop early prevention and early intervention programs based on the research regarding the findings of the vulnerability of certain individuals to substance use disorders/drug usage (Nutt, McLellan, Crome, Kimberley & McLellen, 2014)
Typically the assessment of a substance use disorder is achieved via a clinical interview that includes the person's history, family history, self-report of the current problems, possible collaboration with friends or relatives, and possible adjunctive information such as reports from work, police reports, incarceration history, etc. (Samet, Waxman, Hatzenbuehler & Hasin, 2007)
There is a need for -- clinical measures that can differentiate patients who meet the clinical criteria for substance use disorders for the same addictive agent while at the same time having different backgrounds, responses the prior treatment, and so forth. Neuroscience has identified potential biomarkers that can be extremely useful in the assessment of a particular substance use disorder and help to understand the vulnerabilities and current neurobiological substrate of the person in question (Wilson, Thomas, & Iacono, 2015)