would put a man on the moon, it was more about the Cold War and showing up the Soviets than merely for scientific discovery. "So we decided to engage in this major scientific and technological endeavor and prove to the world that we were second to none," Roger Launius, the curator of the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum stated (Lamb, 2012)
" He carried around a notebook, a scrapbook entitled ABSOLUTE ZERO in which he pasted all sorts of things, presumably a reference to the rock-bottom temperature at which all activity ceases. He was fascinated by bright colors (Nasar 285)
He developed an original idea, but this idea was then built upon and developed by other theorists. This is explained in The Essential John Nash, saying that "Nash provided the foundations for the analysis, while Selten developed it with respect to dynamics, and Harsanyi with respect to incomplete information" (Nash 3)
These ideas are still being utilized as a foundation for various disciplines to this very day. (Hacker, 1977) Introduction On May 25, 1961 President John F
Then, on April 12, 1961; they sent the first human into space with Yuri Gagarin successfully orbiting the Earth for 108 minutes. ("Yuri Gagarin," 2011) ("Sputnik," 2007) (Shayler, 2001) In response, America sent up Allan Shepard within less than one month
The progression of project management from being only able to deal with financial and time constraints had as a result of the SpaceStation's need for real-time global collaboration grown to support the development of multilingual requirements in real-time (Zervos, Siegel, 1630). This also led to an entirely new approach to managing multinational projects that centered on creating virtual meeting technologies including telepresence (Bielski, 50, 51) a technology Cisco has pioneered as a result of virtual meeting requirements from the SpaceStation project
¶ … NASA Space Program? Our Nations' Greatest Gains are based on Space Exploration Our nation's crisis economically today is directly related to the lack of consistent innovation gained from investments in space exploration and the many processes required to make these programs successful. From the most fundamental aspects of project management that today guide the development, testing and commercial launch of commercial, military and private aircraft to the development of razor-thin chemical polymers (Fischetti, Herbert, 68) that act as heat shields of returning capsules, the space program delivers a higher national return on investment than any other activity today
Consider the many innovations in airborne astronomy (Semmel, Davis, Leucht, Rowe, 33), project management and systems engineering (Pruitt, 34) and the necessity of creating entirely new processes and the extent of NASA's contributions become clear. NASA has categorized their many contributions to innovation into seven categories that fill a 217-page downloadable e-book (NASA Innovation Analysis)
Consider the many innovations in airborne astronomy (Semmel, Davis, Leucht, Rowe, 33), project management and systems engineering (Pruitt, 34) and the necessity of creating entirely new processes and the extent of NASA's contributions become clear. NASA has categorized their many contributions to innovation into seven categories that fill a 217-page downloadable e-book (NASA Innovation Analysis)
, Otero, 58, 59). For America to forfeit this lead and allow for the industrialization of space by another nation (Williamson, 406, 407) is to allow these many strengths of our nation to lapse
Space Station: Global Collaboration Can Work From the many process-centric lessons learned during the Apollo program and the development of project management and systems engineering as essential tools for industries of national important, the Space Station showed just how far these processes has progressed. The progression of project management from being only able to deal with financial and time constraints had as a result of the SpaceStation's need for real-time global collaboration grown to support the development of multilingual requirements in real-time (Zervos, Siegel, 1630)
Amidst the backdrop of fiscally conservative leaders, such as former candidate for the Republican presidential nomination Newt Gingrich, vocally decrying NASA's less than stellar track record with accomplishing its missions on budget, the beleaguered space program is making national news on an almost daily basis. Despite Gingrich's recriminations that "a National Aeronautics and Space Administration which has currently got no vehicles that can get to the space station" (Foust) should be considered a failure, the recent launch of the Curiosity rover to Mars demonstrates the agency's continual potential to expand the frontiers of human knowledge
7 billion for the 2012 fiscal year, the cost of funding NASA represents a scant 0.5% of total federal expenditures (Rogers)
If decades of empirical evidence demonstrate, as many have argued, that NASA is far more capable of devising worthwhile ideas than it is at observing fiscal austerity, there appears to be little downside in allowing private companies to compete and drive costs downward. Due to the regrettable fact that planned budget cuts for 2013 "will affect missions in their prime, like the Cassini Mission to Saturn, and missions in their infancy, like a planned explorer to Jupiter's oceanic moon Europa, both of which involve strong European connections" (Vertesi), it stands to reason that international firms could also be involved in the bidding process
5 billion to $1.2 billion, with further reductions expected in coming years" (Wall), and most experts agree that the era of meaningful governmental investment in space exploration has come to an end
"As Larry Mulloy, one of the launch officials 'stated', "We were lucky-just dumb-ass lucky-that we hadn't had a disaster like this before" (personal communication, May 15, 1991). (Maier, 2002) The ability to address precisely where the deficiencies inherently lay with the daily activity and integration of the NASA workforce with the internal and external environment subject to the continuous facilitation of project goals
Using Mintzberg's work, eight policy modes, corresponding to structural configurations within government organizations and political systems, are identified and placed on a matrix that comprises two dimensions: standardization and centralization." (Matheson, 2009) The standardization within NASA has always been the process of mechanical and administrative planning to yield a framework that can be replicated, ostensibly possessing internal and external validity
The thinking here is that the odds of conceiving truly innovative ideas are increased if thousands of people, rather than just five or ten senior managers, put their minds to work." (McCarthy, Markides, 2000) Additionally, Mitzberg addresses public policy as a function of applied strategy that is necessary to guide political systems
"As NASA pushes toward returning the shuttle fleet to space, some current and former employees are questioning how serious the space agency is about fixing the "broken safety culture" that investigators have said was a major cause of the loss of the Columbia and its crew two years ago." (Schwartz, 2005) Subsequent lack of funding has rendered cuts to the budget of NASA, which has developed into administrative cutbacks and subsequently the recruitment of talent that may not be capable of handling the arduous and complicated mathematical and scientific rigor that is requisite to many of the programs within NASA
Investigators seeking answers to the Columbia disaster say human resources issues may be at least partly to blame for the tragedy." (Shuit, 2003) Statement of the Relevant Principles to be applied The principles appertaining to the understanding and the functionality of NASA are broad and dynamic in that human resources must facilitate internal training programs to ensure that proper training to the level of ability show in past NASA employees