Consequently, it must be expected that the part of total costs represented by drugs has increased, from essentially a very minor part in the nineties (2-5%) to a much larger proportion. " (Kobelt et al
Basically, in Multiple Sclerosis: A Guide for Rehabilitation and Health Care Professionals, contributing authors, including nurses, individuals with MS, and others knowledgeable about the illness offer the reader a comprehensive, interdisciplinary view of MS. This work includes topic areas, germane to lives of individuals with MS, as at the end of each chapter, the contributing authors, with MS, wrote personal prospective relating to particular issues presented in each chapter (Doughty)
Numerous infectious agents suspected as possible etiological agents include: "the corona, measles, Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex type 6, and canine distemper viruses, the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)-I, an 'MS-associated agent' and, most recently, Chlamydia." (Poser 12) No one has been able to confirm any these infectious agents, however, this contention continues even though competent investigators routinely utilize sophisticated techniques to conduct exhaustive searches
Immune dysfunction. (Wallin) Early intervention for depression, Wallin stresses, is vital as relief from depression related to MS can prevent declines in a MS patient's quality of life
The type of exercise that works best for you depends on your symptoms, fitness level, and overall health." (Carcione, 1) Thus, the physical therapist will be instrumental to defining the best course of physical activity given the subject's specific health outlook
The Centers for Disease Control in the United States contends that the benefits of physical activity to sedentary women are that it "improves strength and endurance, helps build healthy bones and muscles, helps control weight, reduces anxiety and stress, increases self-esteem, and may improve blood pressure and cholesterol levels." (Seefeldt et al
Purpose of Research Study According to Hubley (2010) the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMTR) is designed to measure visuospatial learning and memory in adults. The purpose of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is to provide a screening tool for detecting patients, children as well as adults, who have disease, damage, or dysfunction implicating the cerebral hemispheres (Reed, 2010)
(2011) report that cognitive impairments may be more significant in children than adults with MS because the central nervous system is still developing. Language impairment and verbal intelligence are particular concerns (Smerbeck, et al
, (2007) "have provided an in vivo proof-of-concept for the development of LINGO- 1 antagonists as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of demyelinating diseases." (a) How are all current treatments for MS different from this one in terms of their targets and the timeframe of applicability? (2 marks) There is no cure for multiple sclerosis and the current treatments that are available only treat the symptoms of the disorder or to slow its progression (Bishop & Tschopp, 2000)
It is the third oral drug to be recently approved for the treatment of these types of MS." The research to date indicates that dimethyl fumarate and its metabolite monomethyl fumarate activate an antioxidant response pathway, nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2 (Nrf2), in vitro and in vivo in both humans and animals (Chamberlin, 2013)
" 3. (a) Why would Rett syndrome manifest more severely in males than in females? (1 mark) In those cases where males carry a similar MeCP2 mutation to those found in females with Rett syndrome on their single X chromosome in which there are no other "normal" X chromosome to compensate, males will typically be affected more severely than females (Clark & Jaworska, 2011)
(2marks) The myelinating cells of the central nervous system are known as oligodendrocytes (Week 11A lecture notes). At present, researchers believed that progressive serotonergic neuronal atrophy with synaptic inactivation rather than axonal degeneration is the hallmark of MS (Sandyk, 1998)
Description of the Disease In people with multiple sclerosis, the covers of the nerve endings become inflamed and damaged. This can be caused by infections and other environmental factors, but genetics have been believed to play a role, as well (Ascherio & Munger, 2007)
Over time, the disease will progress, and that means the attacks will get worse and recovery from them will not be as successful (Weinshenker, 1994). Those who have multiple sclerosis typically have a lifespan that is between five and 10 years shorter than what would be considered average (Balak, et al
While it is not considered to be a disease that is passed down from one person to another, there are genetic factors that are commonly seen in those who have or will be likely to develop multiple sclerosis. Signs and symptoms that are presented, as well as various medical tests, are typically what are used in order to diagnose a person with multiple sclerosis (Comi, 2009)
Different "types" of people are also affected in different ways and at different rates. The genetic makeup of different ethnic groups may be a large part of the reason for the wide range of people who have multiple sclerosis and how the disease is seen much more commonly in certain groups when compared to others (Compston & Coles, 2008)
The genetic makeup of different ethnic groups may be a large part of the reason for the wide range of people who have multiple sclerosis and how the disease is seen much more commonly in certain groups when compared to others (Compston & Coles, 2008). Women are diagnosed with multiple sclerosis twice as commonly as men, with the onset of the disease most often coming between the ages of 20 and 50 years old (Killestein, Rudick, & Polman, 2011)
Then those problems resolve, and it is easier for the person to function what would be considered to be more normally. However, each time these attacks occur, there are more issue for the person to face (Lublin & Reingold, 1996)
Current Statistics on MS Multiple sclerosis is the most common of the autoimmune disorders that affect a person's central nervous system (Ascherio & Munger, 2007). There are between two million and two and one-half million people afflicted with multiple sclerosis throughout the world (Nakahara, et al