Perception is that most transmission of MRSA within the hospital environments (French et al., 2004), between patients happens through transiently colonized health workers (Gbanguide-Haore et al
However, another study provided evidence that single room with screening, eradication and a far-reaching hand hygiene (Larson, Quiros and Lin, 2007; Dupeyron et al., 2002) program reduced MRSA infection and colonization in the hospital setting (Graham, Lin and Larson, 2006)
, 2003), the available information commented that there was a correlation on staff adherence to infection management measures. Some additional studies identified by this review, one conducted in the ICU (Grundmann 2002; Forceville et al
Overall, intensive concerted efforts including isolation work well in reducing MRSA even in environments showing high endemic levels of MRSA. Another study on infection control management within acute care hospitals (Halcomb, Fernandez and Griffiths, 2002), evaluated the alteration in the rate of nosocomial acquisition of MRSA
However, these control precautions may place significant burden on the hospital resources and the importance of their continued use is in question (Weeber, 2005). Although there are several narrative reviews, the efficiency of isolation measures in reducing transmission and managing MSRA, lacks a systematic evaluation (Hulten et al
Review The review identified some studies that researched on the use of isolation or cohorting of patients to manage the transmission of MRSA. In the review studies that illustrated the isolation of patients as an intervention to manage the transmission of MSRA; however, no concrete conclusions were available about the impact (King et al
, 2004). The effort to manage the spread of MRSA relies primarily on three measures including hand hygiene among health practitioners (Larson, Quiros and Lin, 2007), restriction of antibiotics, and detection and isolation of infected or colonized patients (Cooper et
Into the bargain, other isolation precautions include the use of single bedded patient wards, cohorts of patients on common patient rooms (Talon et al., 2003), which lacked designated staff, and barrier caution (using aprons, gowns, gloves, and masks by healthcare professionals, (Manian and Ponzillo, 2007) as the only physical measure to avoid transmission of MSRA)
Characteristics of the accepted studies Highest level of separation Isolation ward Nurse cohorting Other isolation precautions No of studies 18 9 19 Range of study time 3 months-15 years 3.5months-4 years 1 monht-9 years Entire hospital setting 16 3 7 Unit setting in each hospital 2 6 12 Other Control Measures Screening 18 9 14 Topical eradication therapy 12 5 8 Hand hygiene 8 2 6 Antibiotic restriction 3 0 2 Study Design Prospective interrupted time series 1 2 8 Retrospective interrupted time series 15 3 2 Hybrid retrospective and prospective time series 0 2 1 Retrospective cohort study 0 0 1 Non-comparative studies 2 2 3 Study Design These review doses not find randomized trials and only four retrospective planned comparisons with predefined phases of the study (Mody et al
2002; Charlebois 2002; Cohen 2005), one showed reduced infection (Cohen, 2005; Curran et al. 2005), while another showed no infection and another managing infection for some years until the number (Robert et
, 2008); moreover, airborne transmission through contact with infected or contaminated patients is important for consideration. The most of the rigorous forms of patient isolation included isolation wards (designed to handle the treatment of known or suspected carriers of MRSA disease) and nurse cohorting, (Talon et al
001). In a study, researching the impact of the introduction of contact measures, patient isolation and education advancement for healthcare providers, in a hospital with a teaching, (Wang et al
Even so, a study from 2003 showed that'd. aureus was isolated from 21% (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&term=%22Jernigan+JA%22%5BAuthor%5DJernigan JA, www
The threat of MRSA infections is severe as MRSA is growing in treatment resistance to antibacterial medications, and Fairclough describes rationale behind resistance in these stains. Hospital-acquired infections, such as MRSA and antibiotic resistant stains of MRSA, lengthen hospital stays, cause significant morbidity, affects nurses' workloads, and can introduce new infections into the community (Fairclough, 2006)