06% included a man. Sex Stereotypes Another commonly held stereotype concerning men who choose nursing as a career is that they are effeminate or gay (Williams, 1995)
06% included a man. Sex Stereotypes Another commonly held stereotype concerning men who choose nursing as a career is that they are effeminate or gay (Williams, 1995)
For many nurses, the daily chores and duties begin long before sunrise. After receiving briefs and updates on hospital conditions, nurses must check the charts of their patients (Wolkomir 1998)
Statistics has clearly shown that in the United States, the causes of death have been grouped into different categories by laying down the exact causes instead of grouping them using the traditional oriented method. Lessening the risk of preventable illnesses is crucial for the reduction of medical costs because preventable diseases constitute approximately 70% of the burden of diseases and associated expenditures (Fries et
In California, managed health care competition is one of the factors that have led to the success in reduction of health cost. The same competition was seen in New York and New Jersey where expenses like hospital services, physician services and pharmaceuticals were affected and each of them were being done annually (Zwanziger & Melnick p
But in the era of managed care, physicians have had to become "more concerned with their obligations to the managed care organization -- so much so that their clinical behavior has been altered" (Shapiro 2000). The American health care system is the most expensive healthcare system in the yet America has a higher rate of infant mortality and lower life expectancy than other industrialized nations (Copeland, 2003, p
Nurses may find themselves in the uncomfortable position of having to choose between serving or advising a patient and keeping an eye upon cost containment. "While nursing care has always required "a sophisticated level of skills, knowledge and judgment," working within a managed care organization may requires the nurse to justify a particular course of treatment as necessary to an insurance company as well as to the patient and his or her family (McPeck 2002)
However, many have argued that the impact of managed care upon patient health has been, according to most healthcare providers, largely detrimental. Before the advent of managed care, a healthcare provider's "obligations were owed almost exclusively to the patient" (Shapiro 2000)
Across the nation, more and more health care delivery providers are joining forces because of the economy of scale which can allow them to manage costs for members while maintaining high profile access and high quality care. (Watters, 1995) Our company will want to be positioned to provide a well informed options too our employees which will serve their medical needs today, and continue to do so in the future
This has resulted in millions of people, many of who are children without coverage of any kind and those people seek routine medical care in hospital ERs, during perceived emergencies, accruing bills they are unable to pay thus causing for profit hospitals to increase prices as well, and the system now reaching full circle has hurt everyone in the process. Zelman & Berenson, 1998, p. xv) (Birenbaum, 1997, p
If this bandwagon is actually the one the managed care system is on then the medical care in this nation will prove greater in the future, while if denial of care for the sake of cost is the bandwagon being hidden the system will likely continue to fail the country. (Folta & Scanlon, 2004, p
The doctor and the patient are no longer allies in the fight against disease or toward health, now a perceived big brother makes many of the decisions. (Pauly & Berger, 1999, p
The private health care industries, answer to a failed bid for government provided care was private for profit managed care systems, and their early failures and differences have created consumer fear of the entire system. (Zelman & Berenson, 1998, p
The private health care industries, answer to a failed bid for government provided care was private for profit managed care systems, and their early failures and differences have created consumer fear of the entire system. (Zelman & Berenson, 1998, p
Managed care representatives argue that the hospitals in the United States were "over-bedded" during that time. The reduced need for hospitals has been attributed to "technological developments, declining lengths of stay, and more use of convenient outpatient surgery centers" (Glabman, 2003)
Private healthcare is currently based on a managed care system that is entirely dominated by a for-profit industry that has been the principle obstacle to effective political decisions toward desperately necessary healthcare reform Kennedy, 2006; Levine, 2008; Reid, 2009; Tong, 2007). That raises a fundamentally important ethical issue (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009; Rosenstand, 2008) because, at present, it is not an exaggeration to suggest that American healthcare reform is being opposed at the highest political levels because of the degree to which lobbyists from the private health insurance industry have successfully promoted their interests to congressional representatives through campaign contributions (Dykman, 2008; Kennedy, 2006; Levine, 2008; Reid, 2009; Tong, 2007)
Waste, Fraud, and Abuse With respect to major problems in American managed healthcare, it is a system that is fundamentally predisposed to waste, fraud, criminal abuse, and negligent care. The fact that patients do not pay for their healthcare costs directly and that either health insurance companies or government programs pay negotiated bulk-service-based prices for healthcare services rendered provides a natural disincentive to worry about keeping the costs of healthcare services down (Carey, 2009; Kennedy, 2006; Reid, 2009)
Private healthcare is currently based on a managed care system that is entirely dominated by a for-profit industry that has been the principle obstacle to effective political decisions toward desperately necessary healthcare reform Kennedy, 2006; Levine, 2008; Reid, 2009; Tong, 2007). That raises a fundamentally important ethical issue (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009; Rosenstand, 2008) because, at present, it is not an exaggeration to suggest that American healthcare reform is being opposed at the highest political levels because of the degree to which lobbyists from the private health insurance industry have successfully promoted their interests to congressional representatives through campaign contributions (Dykman, 2008; Kennedy, 2006; Levine, 2008; Reid, 2009; Tong, 2007)
That is because Medicaid provides free healthcare for those living in poverty (who do not pay into the system). Likewise, federal laws require all healthcare facilities that maintain emergency departments to treat any person who requests treatment, even when they present with non-emergent medical issues such as ordinary colds, as well as with requests for routine primary healthcare services that should be rendered by primary healthcare providers (Goldhill, 2009; Kennedy, 2006; Reid, 2009; Tumulty, Pickert, & Park, 2010)
As a result, multiple physician specialists routinely prescribe duplicative tests, particularly for patients whose costs are absorbed by federally-funded programs (Kennedy, 2006; Reid, 2009), at tremendous financial waste. Admittedly, medical malpractice issues also contribute greatly to the waste represented by testing that is, in a practical sense, largely unnecessary medically (Halbert & Ingulli, 2008)