" Both Paul and Frank developed intense reactions to any type of criticism, although they responded in characteristically different ways. As is so often the case in human psychology, their responses to the same circumstances represented polar extremes of the same underlying emotions (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2008)
Communication theorists and psychologists hold that the familial roles we encountered -- and enacted -- growing up tend to have a lasting effect on our approaches to communication. These theories reached an apex several decades ago when books such as The Games People Play dominated populist communication (Berne, 1996)
The important thing is to be confidently positive and not defensive. Most people warm to someone who seems vulnerable -- in fact, scientists in sociology argue that vulnerability and authenticity are exactly what enables us to make strong connections with others (Brown, 2013)
Organizational Communications (a) Vertical communication. Communication in organizations is both lateral and vertical (Dessein, 2002)
Communication Skills Self-Assessment Interpersonal Communication Speech and language pathologists are considered to be experts in the field of interpersonal communication. Yet these professionals readily agree that although they may be experts in disorders of communication, they "are not experts in 'communication,' particularly that of interpersonal communication" (Montgomery, 2006)
Communication in organizations is both lateral and vertical (Dessein, 2002). Vertical communication is manifested by the flow of information from the top-most levels of an organizational hierarchy to the lowest levels (Spillan, et al
6). Other sources have found that those who cohabitate before marriage actually have a higher chance of divorce, but the link is not clear (Popenoe, 2004)
Before the 1960s, marriage was viewed as a person's duty, sacrifice, and obligation. Intimacy was not important (Wilcox, 2009, p
"Small group communications" permit a group of people to gather for some purpose, and are contingent upon the opportunity for each group participant to participate in the group dialogue (Hybels & Weaver, 2007). A recent addition to the gamut of communication modalities is the so called "Computer-Mediated Communication" whereby "a wide range of technologies that facilitate both human communication and the interactive sharing of information through computer networks, including e-mail, discussion groups, newsgroups, chat, instant messages, and Web pages" (Barnes, 2003, p
I will then explain the principles and misconceptions in effective interpersonal communications, discuss the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communications, and describe the process by which self-concept is developed and maintained. "Communication" may be defined as "any process in which people share information, ideas, and feelings" that incorporates both the written and spoken word as well as "body language, personal mannerisms, and style" (Hybels & Weaver, 2007, pg
209-10) write that "reflected appraisal is an individual's judgment of what others think of him or her" and that a "social comparison is made when an individual lacks objective information about himself or herself and forms self-judgment based on comparisons with others." Further, there is a "self-verification" process that people use in social situations to maintain their self-concept that derives from a self-confirmatory feedback loop gained in social interactions (Swann, 1983)
One has to know the category of his or her recipients and how they judge certain body languages and other forms of nonverbal modes of communication so as not to offend the receivers or be judged negatively. The accuracy on the choice of these modes of communication is important if the message is to be perceived correctly otherwise the meaning will be distorted (Laurel J. Dunn, 2009)
In a recent study, employers rated obese employees as less desirable when compared to normal weight employees of equal ability. Obese job applicants are often perceived as having poorer work habits, higher absences, and more likely to get ill than thinner applicants (Borrell, 2003)
Most people are judged on their physical appearance, which includes features, race, height, weight, hairstyles and image. In many situations, including dates and job interviews, a good physical appearance is of great importance (Cowley, 1996)
It regulates relationships and may support or replace verbal communication. Among the many factors contributing to nonverbal communication are sending and receiving ability and accuracy, perception of appropriate social roles, and cognitive desire for interpersonal involvement or assessment (Dunn, 2002)
" Recent studies reveal that body language and appearances are critical in developing business and personal relationships. Studies show that people have less than ten seconds to make a good first impression on those they come in contact with (Hogan, 2002)
Carbonell, named four personality types: Active/Task-oriented, Active/People-oriented, Passive/Task-oriented, and Passive/People-oriented and went on to demonstrate how each personality type perceives a given context and reacts to external stimuli in different ways while engaging in a conversation. (Carbonell, 2005) On the personal front I guess while people expect me to be of the "S/I" type, I basically belong to the "C/S/I" category
If one tends to look elsewhere, it is an implicit act of disregard and it might spoil the ambience of mutual trust that is gradually being created through active listening. (Donahue, 1996) The basic purpose of any communication is to build a bridge and that can be done by germinating genuine faith among parties involved in a communication process
But, as communication experts tend to repeat over and over again, effective listening forms as integral part of an effective communication as persuasive demagogy. (Frisk, 2007) It is effective listening and not talking that can open many closed doors and build bridges between individuals that no amount of brilliant oratory can ever hope to achieve
In such scenarios, conflicts seldom blow out of proportion and if one is indeed faced with a potentially explosive situation, an intense bout of active listening as the aggrieved party takes out their grouse and ire can create miracles by effortlessly snuffing out the smoldering embers that only a short while ago threatened to burst into an uncontrollable inferno. (Madrigal & McClain, 2001) References Carbonell, M